假设

Furthermore, our scheme is secure and coalition-resistant under the RSA assumption and the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption.

并且在RSA假设与决定性的Diffie Hellman假设下，群签名方案是安全的，且能够抵抗联合攻击。

It is a science because it aims to explain the greatest number of facts with the fewest number of assumptions, its hypotheses are supposed to be falsifiable by empirical tests, and its theories are lawfully connected to other sciences, particularly biology.

它是一门科学，因为心理学的目标在以最少的假设解释最多的事实，心理学的假设容许被实徵检验推翻，心理学的理论合理地衔接其他科学，特别是生物学。

It is typically used to express wishes,request,purpose,suggestion,hyperthesis and supposition that are contrary to fact at present or express a condition that is doubtful or not factual.

真实条件句所表示的假设是可能实现或发生的，句中的主从句谓语都用陈述语气；而非真实条件句所表示的假设是不可能或不太可能实现的，句中的主句或从句须用虚拟语气。

A translation would be a receptor language interpretively resembling the original;③ While searching for relevance the translator must make his train of thought relevant to the original author's and the receptor language audience's cognitive environments;④ The translator must perform his responsibility for making the author's informative intention and communicative intention meet the target readers' expectations;⑤ In the course of translating, the translator makes contextual assumptions and searches for relevance according to the source lexical information, logical information and encyclopaedic information in his cognitive environment.

我们给它定义为，在翻译过程中译者思维运作的跨文化区域，它主要包括五点内容：①翻译是一个认知推理的跨文化交际过程，其研究对象是译者的大脑信息处理机制的运作过程；②翻译可以视为语际间释意相似性接受语语段；③译者作出语境假设寻找关联时，必须使他的思维与原文作者的认知语境和译文读者的认知语境相关联；④译者必须履行责任，使原文作者的意图与译文读者的期盼相吻合；⑤译者应在原文文本明示的基础上，根据原文的词汇信息，逻辑信息以及它的百科信息作出语境假设，寻找关联。

Such as L. Robbins who attempted to narrowly define the nature and the scope of economics, the neoclassical economics that sets up rational economics man as the fundamental assumption of behavior, Milton Friedman who maintained the notorious argument of irrelevancy of assumption, the professional economists who are obsessed in the self-help mathematical game in the name of the seemingly right positive studies, all of these efforts have so far never plausibly proved that the positive economics is built upon a solid foundation of methodology.

罗宾斯对经济学研究的性质和研究范围的狭窄界定，新古典经济学的高度简略化的&理性经济人&基本行为假设，弗里德曼的&假设不相关性&观点，乃至专业经济学家们似是而非的&实证&，以及在&实证&旗号下沉湎于数理&自助游戏&中所实际奉行的方法论形式主义，所有这些都未能令人信服地证明：实证经济学具备一个坚实可靠的方法论基础。

According to Meese's exchange rate model in 1986, in this paper, we modified Meese's (1986) model and suppose the Interest Rate Parity is untenable, the risk premium factor and real exchange rate parameter are considered, and the Purchasing Power parity doesn't follow random walk, we derive our modified equilibrium model. Base on the State Space Model, we try to estimate bubbles and risk premium which are unobservable variables by Kalman Filter to test which one is or both are the main factors that to cause the real assets price biased from the market fundamental price.

本文是以Meese(1986)所决定的汇率模型为基础，但Messe一文并未讨论到风险溢酬的问题，故本文为了克服此一缺憾，而假设未抛捕的利率平价说(uncovered interest parity，UIP)不成立，以加入风险溢酬因子，且更进一步假设偏离购买力平价理论(purchasing power parity，PPP)不服从随机漫步，若如此则顺利将实质汇率变数纳入於模型中，重新建立均衡汇率模型，为了验证本文所创立的模型，实证方法以状态空间模型为基础，运用卡门滤波器递回法来估计不可观察的变数，以观察台湾的外汇市场上是因泡沫现象还是风险溢酬造成资产价格偏离市场基要价值或是两者皆是造成实际资产价格偏离市场机要价格的因素。

Assuming that investors pursue the maximal appetite. We emphasize, the carriers of value are relative changes in wealth, neigher changes nor absolute levels or final outcomes. And there are two securities traded one of which is riskless and the other is risky.

假设投资者追求欲望最大化，投资者从最终财富的相对变化中获得欲望，而不是依赖于其变化，或者仅仅依赖于最终财富本身，而且假设市场上只有两种证券：一种是无风险债券；一种是有风险之下的股票。

Comprehensive performance is worse if the largest shareholder is an administrative unit than the biggest shareholder is a nonadministrative unit.

本章在文献综述的基础上，提出了4个主要的假设，并采用多元回归线性模型对这些假设进行了检验。

The hypothesis on the equivalence in non conservative system is set up for irreversible process on the basis of bring\|in of the nonconservative noninertial system;and the hypothesis on the covariance in non conservative system is put forth for the space time with complex action on the basis of bring\|in of the ultra gauge.

在引入非保守非惯性系的基础上对不可逆过程建立非保守系等效性假设，在引入广域度规的基础上对具有复杂行为的时空建立非保守系协变性假设；利用密度分布的不均匀度h和粗粒熵S及推导的多标度因数η计算式，引入非保守惯性质量和非保守引力质量。

Researching on the decision-maker's behavior hypothesis and classification principle in incomplete informational risk assessment, this paper built the rational decision-making route as①releasing the sequential or partible hypothesis of individual preference and alternatives independence condition in order to satisfy the actual decision-making;②keeping the optimal result of group decision-making according as the thought of"Binary comparison"of sequence path independence condition SPI building the hierarchy structure in opening frame of discernment to increase granularity of discernment.

研究不完全信息操作风险评价的决策者行为假设和分类方法，构建理性决策路径和决策机制：①放松Arrow选择理论的决策者个人偏好连续或可分假设、无关方案独立性条件，以满足决策过程的实际情况。②构建开放的决策识别框架，依据序贯路径无关条件的&两两比较&思想，保证群体决策结果的最优性；在开放的识别框架中建立层次结构，增加识别粒度。将主观信息表达转化为专家对某一属性判断的基本可信度分配，运用证据理论处理不完全信息的融合问题。③基于包含度的分层约简方法降低决策复杂度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。