假定

The rigid-plastic assumption simplifies the 1-D Burgers model and thus simplifies the calculation of plastic deformation.Such simplified 1-D Burgers model is extended to 3-D case as the usual treatment like 3-D Hooke's law.

利用刚塑性假定简化一维Burgers模型，从而简化了沥青路面的永久变形计算，据此假定将一维的沥青混合料Burgers模型推广至三维Burgers模型，类似于三维虎克定律。

Based on the Bernoulli-Euler beam\'s plane cross-section hypothesis under flexure and Vlasov\'s rigid contour premise under non-uniform torsion,a spatial thin-walled beam element with 2 nodes and 14 DOF is developed by independently interpolating bend angles about two prime inertial axes of cross section and warp angle with an interior node set at the midpoint of the element length and the goal is achieved.

根据Bernoulli-Euler梁弯曲变形的平截面变形假定和Vlasov约束扭转的刚周边假定，通过设置单元内部结点，对弯曲转角和翘曲角采用独立插值的方法，建立了2结点14自由度的空间梁元，实现了上述目标，并将其应用到结构的非线性分析中。

A hypothetical particle of heredity postulated to be the mediating factor in the production of new cells in the theory of pangenesis.

胚芽，芽球在泛生论学说中，指遗传中的一种假定粒子，被假定认为在新细胞的产生中起媒介作用

Yet this strange supposition apparently underlies Professor Pigou's Theory of Unemployment14 and it is what all members of the orthodox school are tacitly assuming.

然而，这条奇怪的假定显然是构成庇古教授《失业论》的基础15，这也是所有正统学派的成员们所暗中假定的。

Supposing that what is at any rate believed to be the "truth" really is true, and the meaning of all culture is the reduction of the beast of prey "man" to a tame and civilized animal, a domestic animal, then one would undoubtedly have to regard all those instincts of reaction and ressentiment through whose aid the noble races and their ideals were finally confounded and overthrown as the actual instruments of culture ; which is not to say that the bearers of these instincts themselves represent culture.

假定，现在被当作"真理"的东西果如其然，假定一切文化的意义就在于把"人"从野兽驯化成一种温顺的、有教养的动物、一种家畜，那么我们就必须毫不犹豫地把所有那些反对的和仇恨的本能，那些借以最终羞辱并打倒了贵胄及其理想的本能看作是真正的文化工具，当然无论如何不能说，那些具有这种本能的人本身同时也体现了文化。

So that on failing to execute an operative Testament, a Roman of the era under examination left his emancipated children absolutely without provision, while, on the assumption that he died childless, there was imminent risk that his possessions would escape from the family altogether, and devolve on a number of persons with whom he was merely connected by the sacerdotal fiction that assumed all members of the same gens to be descended from a common ancestor.

因此，如果没有一个有效的"遗命"，在我们所考察的这一个时期中的一个罗马人就将使其解放之子绝对得不到什么权利，另一方面，既然假定他在死亡时没有子嗣，则他的宗族就有完全失去其财产而使财产传诸于另外一些人的迫切危险，这些人和他的关系仅仅是由于祭司的拟制，假定凡是同族的全部成员都是来自一个共同祖先。

The seismic design method of buildings is based onthe rigid ground hypothesis in current code, although this hypothesis is relatively simple, with the accumulation of earthquake damage data and the study of soil-structure-dynamic-interaction problems in theory and experiment, people discover that the rigid ground hypothesis does not conform to the actual

我国现行建筑抗震设计规范以刚性地基假定为前提，这种假设虽然比较简单，但随着震害资料的积累以及对土-结构动力相互作用理论及实验研究的深入，人们发现这种刚性地基的假定在一些情况下并不符合实际情况，有时甚至是不安全的。

Based on the load transmission mechanism of space truss, and referenced theanalysis of test materials, a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of reinforcedconcrete compression strut is introduced. By using the theory of plastic hinge-line, anupper limit solution of bent bearing capacity for four-pile cap, which coincidesprecisely with the practical measurements, is obtained. By utilizing the reaction ofthe soil under cap and by basing on the method of plastic ultimate analysis, an upperlimit solution of punching shear bearing capacity for pile cap is acquired, which. coincides precisely with the practical measurements, and the formula is similar to thecode.A brief discuss on cooperative work of strip beam of foundation and single rankof piles is made. Separately considering the pile-cap and the pile-group, thencoupling their matrix of rigidity, the inner force of pile-cap is solved by the numericalmethod under some reasonable supposition. In comparison with other method, thecalculating results are exact, reliable and convenient in using. The method provides apowerful tQol fOr further analysis and research on this kind of structure.

本文以空间桁架传力机理为基础，结合试验资料分析，推导了钢筋混凝土等边三桩承台受冲切承载力计算公式；根据塑性铰线理论，导得了与试验结果吻合良好的四桩承台受弯承载力的上限解；利用承台底土反力分布，根据塑性极限分析方法，导得了桩基承台受冲切承载力的上限解，在此基础上，通过简化假定，得到与规范公式相类似的承台受冲切承载力实用公式，该公式能方便考虑台底土反力作用，与试验结果的吻合程度比规范公式好；简要讨论了桩基条形承台梁与单排桩的协同工作分析；在一些合理假定的基础上，将承台与群桩分开考虑，分别得到其刚度矩阵后进行耦合，通过数值方法求解承台内力，算例表明，该方法结果准确，使用方便，为该类结构的进一步分析研究及工程设计提供了强有力的工具。

That would be a superfluity of naughtiness to which few men would go. Pride could hardly compass itself about with such extravagant boasting.

假定我不得不教导你们，作为罪人，你们必须作一定的工，然后你们才会得救，并且假定你能够作这些工，那这样的救恩就不会被看作是全然出乎恩典。

This thesis utilizes the constitutive relationship of the concrete in one way Tension Compression and plain cross supposal It also transplants the basic supposal in Soil Mechanics to the calculation of loading crack , aiming at probing the calculating method of the width of the crack of reinforced concrete component

本文利用单向受拉，受压砼的本构关系和平截面假定，将土力学中的基本假定移植到荷载裂缝的计算中去，从而导出钢筋砼构件裂缝宽度的计算方法。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。