值分布

Combining the performance evaluation (activity, selectivity and stability) and the characterization of the catalysts (XRD, TPD, FTIR and the pore structure measure), it can be concluded that :(1)The activity of modified β is higher than MCM-22, but the selectivity of ethylbenzene is lower about 3% than that of MCM-22;(2)The mounts of diethylbenzene and the other by-products are higher 1.7 times and 1.5 times than these of MCM-22 respectively;(3)The catalytic performance of zeolite mixture is nearly equal to modified β, but the selectivity of ethylbenzene is higher about 0.5% than that of modified β;(4)The catalytic activity of zeolite is mainly correlated with the number of acid sites, strength and distribution, and the distribution of products is determined by the binding energy of ethylbenzene and the pore structure, while the stability of catalyst is affected by the amount of poly-ring aromatic alkylate and the pore structure.

以性能评价和特性表征（XRD、TPD、FTIR和孔结构测定）相结合的方式，对上述三种催化剂性能比较的结果表明：（1）改性的活性明显高于MCM-22，但乙苯选择性却低于MCM-22绝对差约3%；（2）改性(上二乙苯和其他副产物的生成量分别约为MCM-22上对应值的1.7和1.5倍左右；（3）混合型催化剂的性能与改性相仿，但乙苯选择性提高0.5%左右；（4）对乙苯合成，沸石催化剂的活性主要取决于其B酸中心数、酸强度及酸分布，产物分布则取决于催化剂表面的乙苯脱附能垒值和孔道结构，而稠环芳烃的生成量和催化剂孔道结构是影响催化剂稳定性的主要因素。

It assumes survival time follow exponential distribution and quality of life initial value follow beta distribution. In order to correlate present quality of life with former quality of life, each quality of life were evaluations generated from AR(1) model. In addition, we set parameters of AR(1) model between 0 and 1, calculates expected QAST from different parameter combinations.

假设存活时间服从指数分布、生活品质初始值服从Beta分布，并利用时间序列一阶自我回归过程First-Order Autoregression Process， AR(1的模型产生各次生活品质评量值，使当次的生活品质与前一次的生活品质产生相关性，并将AR(1)模型中的参数设定为介於0与1之间的值，且产生不同的组合。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

The molecular weight dependence of the distribfition of polymer molecules between the coacervate and the dilute phases on the phase separation of polymethylmethacrylate-acetone-methanol system has been proved to follow the relation first derived by Flory for binary systems: f"_j/f′_j = Qe~_j where f"_j and f′_j are the weight fractions of the polymer molecules of molecular weight M_j in the coacervate and in the dilute phases respectively, while Q and σ are parameters.

1。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙酮-甲醇体系的两次分相实验用θ-溶剂中的沉降速度法测定分相前试样和浓相的分子量分布曲线，得到高分子在浓稀相重量分配的分子量依赖关系 f_j=Qe~证实Flory的溶度函数形式与实际相符，并适用于三元体系的相分离，但Q值与两相体积比R值并不相同。 2。再分级使级分的分子量分布宽度随再分级次数的增加而减小，通常认为到第三次再分级其效果已不显著并不确实。

According to the criterion of minimizing the sum of the squares of the states posterior confidence region widths, we get the value of the updated Biscay distribution, then get the states interval estimation.

该方法结合了区间运算和Kalman滤波方法，分别根据状态和观测方程得到的预测值的Biscay分布，融合得到估计的Biscay分布值，进而得到状态的区间估计。

This approach not only inherits the advantages of absolute density based algorithms which can discover arbitrary shape clusters and are insensitive to noises , but also efficiently solves the following common problems: clustering results are very sensitive to the user-deflned parameters, reasonable parameters are hard to be determined, and high density clusters are contained fully in coterminous low density clusters. With this approach, incremental clustering can also be supported effectively by defining the affected sets and seed sets of the updating objects in this approach.

聚类算法的有效性问题主要表现在三个方面：其一，聚类算法大多要求用户输入一定的参数，例如希望产生的簇的数目，而这些参数通常难以确定，特别是针对高维空间中稀疏分布的实际应用数据集，用户几乎无法给出合适的算法参数，因此非专业用户需要与数据分析专家密切配合才能保证获得理想的聚类结果，导致算法的使用极为不便；其二，聚类结果对于输入的参数值过于敏感J，往往参数值的一些轻微变化却产生聚类结果的很大差异；其三，对于高维的实际应用数据集，其数据分布往往是稀疏的、杂乱的，很难为算法选择全局的参数进行准确的聚类分析，使得聚类的质量难以保证。

Firstly, variables which were acquired for the above two kinds of classification system were obtained from field and laboratory investigation of the core samples as well as test of supersonic waves in drilling holes. Secondly, distribution functions and parameters of all variables are determined using statistic method. Thirdly, 20000 RMR values or BQ values and cumulative distribution function of these RMR or BQ values have been obtained utilizing Monte—Carlo method and the results are plotted. Finally, risk analysis can be made from above results.

风险评价方法步骤如下：（1）首先通过岩芯样品的现场观测和实验室试验及钻孔岩体超声波测试获得两种分类所需的变量；（2）通过统计分析和判断得出各变量的分布函数及参数；（3）运用Monte—Carlo模拟方法获得2万个RMR值或BQ值及相应的累积分布函数，并将结果绘成岩体质量描述图；（4）运用以上结果作出岩体质量风险分析。

Fluorites formed in uranium mineralization period in the Zoujiashan and Shazhou uranium deposits have ε〓 values from -6.7 to -8.3 and I〓 values from 0.7145 to 0.7204, similar to their host rocks (porphyroblastic lava and sub-granodioritic porphyry) which have ε〓 values from -6.2 to -9.4 and I〓 values from 0.7121～0.7192. On diagram of ε〓- t, the fluorites and host rocks plot in similar area within the evolution field of the basement rocks at Xiangshan. The lead isotopic compositions of pyrites formed in uranium mineralization period plot as a line on diagram of 〓Pb/〓Pb vs.〓Pb/〓Pb. The host rocks plot at the lower value end. Calculation based on the slope of the line and the mineralzation age yields age of 144Ma for the geological body which provided uranium for the mineralization.

邹家山和沙洲铀矿床成矿期萤石的ε〓值(-6.7～-8.3)和I〓值(0.7145～0.7204)与赋矿围岩(碎斑熔岩及次花岗闪长斑岩)的ε〓值(-6.2～-9.4)和I〓值(0.7121～0.7192)相似，在ε〓-t图上，成矿期萤石数据点的投影范围与赋矿围岩的基本吻合，且均落在相山元古宙基底演化域范围内；成矿期黄铁矿的铅同位素组成在〓Pb/〓Pb-〓Pb/〓Pb关系图上呈线性分布，而火山岩的铅同位素组成位于此相关线的低值一端；利用异常铅线的斜率及成矿年龄计算出富铀地质体的形成年龄为144Ma，这与赋矿围岩的成岩年龄(135～140Ma)非常接近。

Home position shear tests of slope rock, point loading tests and indoor AMD simulation action tests in XingQiao concave slope had show shearing strength and coherence between body layers of quartz sandstone decrease by 13.2%~21.3% after attacked by AMD, the angle of internal friction between layers is decreased by 5.0%~7.5%, in general, AMD affects the rocks mechanical property at range of 60~100m interior the perpendicular slop. Data analysis shows: 1 The actions to slope are major focused on zone of weakness, shearing strength of slope foot and AMD centre are reduced by 52% and 64.7% separately. 2 The explosion stress wave of long distance field has obviously increasing influence to disturbance amplitude value of slope with increasing of the slope height and distance, the response of the top of slope and fault region are obvious as well as damage effect; the foot of slope is with smallest disturbance amplitude value, the disturbance amplitude value of the step close to free face is obviously bigger than the interior of slope. 3 With the coupling effect of the AMD and explosion loading, the stress distribution inside of slope mainly presents characters of explosion stress field; the area affected by AMD becomes a weak area of shearing stress.

新桥深凹露天矿边坡岩体的原位剪切试验、点载荷试验、室内模拟AMD作用试验表明：AMD蚀化后的石英砂岩，岩体层面间的抗剪强度和粘聚力减小的幅值约为13.2%~21.3%；层面间内摩擦角减小幅值在5.0%~7.5%之间；AMD一般影响垂直边坡体内部在60~100m范围内的岩体力学性质数值分析表明：AMD对边坡体的作用主要集中在弱化区域内，边坡体的底脚和AMD作用中心区域的剪切应力减少了52.0%和64.7%；(2)随着边坡体高度和距离的增加，远场爆炸应力波对边坡扰动幅值的增加趋势明显，边坡顶部和断层部位的响应突出，损伤效应明显；边坡底脚扰动幅值最小，临空面附近台阶的扰动幅值明显大于边坡体内部；(3)AMD与爆破荷载耦合作用后，边坡体内部的应力分布主要呈现出爆炸应力场的特征，AMD影响区域形成了一个剪切应力弱区。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。