值

With the background of application of fuzzy control techniques to a rather typical complex control system, gas-burning water heater, theories, applications and techniques of fuzzy information processing have been studies. The obtained results include:(1) For lattice-valued logic systems based on lattice implication algebras, two dynamical lattice-valued propositional logic Lvpl and lattice-valued first-order logic Lvfl have been constructed, and some theories and methods of fuzzy reasoning have been proposed based on fuzzy set theory and multi-valued logic.(2) Some methods for designing and optimizing fuzzy control systems and some corresponding control algorithms have been proposed, and some new theories and methods for fuzzy control rule base and fuzzy control system performance analysis have been introduced.(3) 6 fuzzy control systems have been developed, and some difficult problems on craft of manufacture, batch consistency, quality stability, installation and main

本项目以模糊控制技术用于燃气热水器这一较典型的复杂控制系统为应用背景，在模糊信息处理的理论、应用和技术三个层次开展了相关的研究工作：(1)进一步研究了基于格蕴涵代数的格值逻辑系统，建立了两种动态的格值命题逻辑Lvpl和格值一阶逻辑Lvfl，并基于模糊集理论和多值逻辑提出了多种模糊推理的理论与方法；(2)提出了模糊控制系统的多种设计及优化方法与控制算法，建立了模糊控制规则库和模糊控制系统性能分析的一些新理论与新方法；(3)研制完成了6个模糊控制系统，还特别解决了模糊控制燃气热水器和智能控制燃气热水器在产业化过程中的生产工艺、批量一致、质量稳定、安装维修和性能价格等一系列难题，做好了批量生产前的技术准备，现已小批量生产。

The findings indicated that, the Japonica rice RVA profile characteristic is the concurrently Indica rice nature with the glutinous RVA profile characteristic continuously change body, assumes 5 kind of characteristics class groups, the few idioplasms has the glutinous starch RVA profile characteristic, also has some idioplasms for the starch RVA profile characteristic of Indica rice, the partial idioplasms have the high quality RVA profile characteristic, namely setback for the negative value, the overwhelming majority idioplasm RVA profile characteristic approx

研究结果表明，粳稻的RVA谱特征是兼具籼性与糯性RVA谱特征的连续变化体，呈5种特征类群，少量种质具有糯性淀粉RVA谱特征，即还有一些种质表现出为籼性淀粉RVA谱特征，部分种质具有优质的RVA谱特征，即消减为负值，绝大多数种质的RVA谱特征(约占样本数的85%)，其曲线的显著特征为消减值在250-1000cp。籼稻的RVA谱特征的分化亦呈现为多态性，主要表现为峰值粘度、最终粘度与消减值的分异性，在籼稻种质材料中主体RVA谱类型的特征表现为消减值在1000-2000cp间。特异的分化出3种类型，第一类表现为峰值粘度与消减值均在2000cp

Based on the theoretical model coupling Maxwells equation with the rate equation of 4 level inverted population, the numerical simulation is made via the FDTD method and MATLAB programs. The simulation results show that 1. With the increase of the pumping rate, both the localization of the electric field and the spectrum mode numbers will change; 2. The lasing threshold decreases by increasing the size or concentration of the scatters; 3. The lasing threshold also decreases by increasing the size of samples or strengthening the sample randomness.

在理论和实验研究的基础上，利用麦克斯韦方程与四能级反转粒子数的速率方程相耦合的理论模型，采用时域有限差分方法和MATLAB程序对随机激光泵浦阈值特性进行了数值模拟与计算，模拟结果显示：随着泵浦速率的增大，出现了阈值前后电场强度局域态及频谱模式数的改变；随着散射体粒径的增大，浓度的增大，阈值呈现下降的趋势；随着样品长度的增大，随机强度的增强，阈值也呈现下降的趋势。

The δ18O values of the eclogites vary from 1.0 to 7.4‰ at Shima but from -2.1 to 1.3‰ at Huangzhen; the δD values of micas from the eclogites are -76 to -61‰ at Shima and -89 to -77‰ at Huangzhen.

石马榴辉岩的δ18O值在1.0‰～7.4‰之间，云母δD值为-76‰～-61‰；黄镇榴辉岩的全岩δ18O值为-1.1‰～-2.1‰，云母δD值为-89‰～-77‰。

However, it is not enough to fill up the absence point only using mid-value of maximum Frequency area, it is better to fill up the absence point also using mid-value of second maximum Frequency area.

另外，在补缺测值时，仅利用x_对应区间的中值来补缺测值有时效果不明显，进一步利用次最大频率x_(max1)所对应区间的中值，可以更加有效地填补缺测点。

For this reason, the author used mid-value filtering method for diminishing the pattern noise, the binary-image transformation method by selecting variable threshold value, and the extraction method of the central line for full-field binary-image.

为此作者使用中值滤波法对图像噪声进行抑制，利用可变阈值对图像进行二值化，实现了二值图像条纹灰度中心线的自动检出。

Equidistance point and difference theory in theory of function approximation are studied. Meanwhile, the relation among difference, difference quotient and derivate is revealed. By drawing Lagrange's and Cauchy's theorem of mean on difference and Taylor's formula into difference function, four theorems, such as Lagrange's theorem of mean on difference, are concluded in simple way. On the basis of these conclusions, the asymptotic property of middle point is studied, a series of new conclusions are drawn and the discussions on the asymptotic property of middle point in differential mid-value are summarized.

对函数逼近论中等距节点和差分理论进行了研究，揭示了差分、差商与导数之间的联系；将Lagrange中值定理、Cauchy中值定理、Taylor公式引入到差分函数中，简明地推导出Lagrange差分中值定理等4个定理，并在此基础上对&中间点&的渐近性进行了研究，得出了一系列&中间点&的渐近性的结果，概括了有关文献对微分中值公式的&中间点&的渐近性的讨论；给出的引理改进了函数逼近论的证明方法，精简了函数逼近论中的一些内容。

The correlations of the concentrations of Al in tea leaves with sorbed inorganic Al, Al oxide dissolved by hydrochloric acid and Al chelated by humic acid were all not significant, this indicated that the three forms of Al in soil were too stable to be assimlated by tea leaves.

通过成叶和嫩叶铝含量随土壤pH值的变化关系和土壤溶液中铝的存在形态与土壤pH值的关系之比较，初步推测茶叶吸收土壤的铝以Al〓离子为主；由于土壤pH值是影响茶叶吸收铝的主要土壤化学因素，因此，提高茶园土壤pH值，降低土壤酸度是降低茶叶铝含量的有效手段。

In this paper,some equivalence properties of one-valued selection under the set-valued mapping is introduced and give a sufficient and necessary condition of set-valued mapping being a metric projection.

介绍了集值映射的单值选择的几个等价性质，并给出了集值映射成为度量投影的一个充要条件。结果将度量投影情形推广到了集值度量投影情形

Compared with soil destroyed pattern of vertical force and its controlled factor of bearing capacity,it is concluded that pile capacity and its tip resistence have some difference when soil with the same physical mecanic property is used as natural foundation and pile tip resistent layer.Whereas the middle weathering rod Stratum hasn't this property,that is to say it has the same bearing capacity and pile tip resistence.

文摘：通过竖向荷载下土体的破坏模式及其承载能力控制因素的比较，论述了物理力学性能相同的土层作为浅基础的天然地基与桩端持力层时，承载力值与桩端阻力值应存在一定的差异；而中风化程度的同一岩层作为天然地基与桩端持力层时，不具有这方面的差异性，承载力值与桩端阻力值应该相等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。