值

So that for some velocity values, the error is accumulated and the results is unstable.

为提高插值的精度，应适当选取第一个插值节点的位置，以使被插值点位于各插值节点的中心位置附近，但当插值节点数n≥4时，对于某一取值范围的粒子速度值却无法做到这一点，因此在这一范围内，计算结果是不稳定的。

this article discusses the integral theorem of mean the promoted question, mainly has two aspects: On the one hand in analyzes in the teaching material under the first integral theorem of mean condition, had proven lies between the value spot to have to be possible to obtain in the open-interval, further discusses this knot promotes to the generalized Riemann integral, and further proved the conclusion also establishes to the promoted first integral theorem of mean; Promotes on the one hand in addition the integral theorem of mean to in the curve and the curved surface, and has proven the curvilinear integral theorem of mean and the surface integral theorem of mean.

本文讨论积分中值定理的推广问题，主要有二个方面：一方面在分析教材中第一积分中值定理的条件下，证明了介值点必可在开区间内取得，进一步将这个结论推广到广义Riemann积分，并进一步证明结论对推广的第一积分中值定理也成立；另一方面，将积分中值定理推广到曲线和曲面中，并证明了曲线积分中值定理和曲面积分中值定理。

Because of appearing empty aggregates in the time zone (the time zone do not include the information), we only establish the indeterminate grey differential equation according to the approximate condition of the differential equation.

利用灰色微分方程中的最小二乘估计参数：进而得到灰色神经网络初始的权值及阈值，这样使初始的权值和阈值更接近准确值，克服了以往BP网络中初始权值的随机性和不确定性，减少了网络的训练次数，提高了网络收敛速度和输出的精度，为避免网络训练陷入局部极小值也起到了重要的作用。

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

The incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with FD was higher than that in healthy volunteers; The average extent of anxiety and depression of FD patients was significantly higher than that of healthy people (p 0.001). 2.The total scores of life events and the scores of negative life events in patients with FD was significantly higher than that of healthy group (p=0.014 and p 0.001), but the favorable life events scores was lower than healthy group's(p=0.001). 3. Eight healthy conceptions in the health-related quality of life of FD patients was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers (p .001). 4. There was positive correlation among the symptom iterated integral, anxiety evaluation and depression evaluation of the FD patients (p0.001). 5. In the FD patients, there was no significant correlation between the evaluation of symptoms and life events. 6. In the FD patients, there was no significant correlation among symptoms evaluation, energy and body ache, and negative correlation among the other 6 health conceptions (p 0.05). 7. There was significant positive correlation among the total scores of life events、negative life events scores and anxiety evaluation of the FD patients(p.01),and also with depression evaluation(p.05),there was no significant correlation among the favorable life events scores with anxiety and depression evaluation both. 8. There was negative correlation among anxiety evaluation, depression evaluation and 8 health conceptions of the FD patients (p 0.001). 9. There existed negative correlation respectively among the total scores of life events and negative life events scores with 6 health conceptions of the FD patients (p 0.05) and 7 health conceptions of the FD patients (p 0.05), there was no significant correlation among the favorable life events scores and the health-related quality of life of FD patients.

结果：1、FD患者焦虑、抑郁的发生率明显高于健康对照组(p.005)，平均焦虑、抑郁程度高于对照组(p.001)。2、FD患者经历的生活事件总值(p=0.014)和负性生活事件值(p.001)明显高于健康对照组，正性生活事件值低于对照组(p=0.001)。3、FD患者的生活质量在8个健康概念上均明显比健康人差(p.001)。4、FD患者的症状积分与焦虑评分、抑郁评分呈正相关(p.001)。5、FD患者的症状积分与生活事件值均无相关性。6、FD患者症状积分与活力、躯体疼痛之间无明显相关性，与其余6项健康概念均呈负相关(p.05)。7、FD患者的生活事件总值、负性生活事件值与焦虑评分均显著正相关(p.01)，与抑郁评分也均呈正相关(p.05)，正性生活事件值与焦虑和抑郁水平均无相关性。8、FD患者焦虑评分、抑郁评分与8项健康概念均呈负相关(p.001)。9、FD患者生活事件总值和负性生活事件值分别与生活质量8项健康概念中的6项和7项呈负相关(p.05)，正性生活事件值与生活质量无关。

Op1 + op2 The addition operator will add two numbers. op1 - op2 The subtraction operator will subtract two numbers. op1 * op2 The multiplication operator will multiply two numbers. op1 / op2 The division operator will divide two numbers. op1 % op2 The modulus operator will return the remainder of the division of two integer operands. op1 xx op2 The exponentiation operator will raise op1 to the power of op2.++op1 The pre-increpment operator will increase the value of op1 first, then assign it. op1++ The post-increment operator will increase the value of op1 after it is assigned.--op1 The pre-decrement operator will decrease the value of op1 before it is assigned. op1-- The post-decrement operator will decrease the value of op1 after it is assigned.

op1 + op2 对两个数值做加法操作 op1 - op2 对两个数值做减法操作 op1 * op2 对两个数值做乘法操作 op1 / op2 对两个数值做除法操作 op1 % op2 求两个整型数值的余数 op1 xx op2 求幂操作：求 op1 的 op2 次幂++op1 前加操作： op1 的值先增加，然后将值赋给自身 op1++后加操作： op1 的值先赋给自身，再增加值--op1 前减操作： op1 的值先减少，然后将值赋给自身 op1—后减操作： op1 的值先赋给自身，再减少值

Initially the following measures are taken for association of the angle positions to physical reflectors, and for determination of the position of the vehicle (10): i at least three angle values with a suitable distribution over the search sector is selected, ii the angle values are associated to reflectors and a position is determined for the vehicle on the basis of the known position of the assumed reflectors, iii if the vehicle position determined in this way is within a certain part of the transport area the other angle values are associated to reflectors, iv for each angle value, existing deviation is determined between detected angle values and angle values expected between the vehicle position and known reflectors, v the measures taken are repeated for each possible combination of selected angle values.

最初使用下列步骤使这些角位与反射器关联以便确定车辆（10）的位置：i）在该搜索扇形上选择至少三个合适分布的角度值，ii）使各角度值与各反射器关联，根据假设反射器的已知位置确定车辆的位置，iii）如果如此确定的车辆位置在该运输区的某一部分中，则使其他角度值与反射器关联，iv）对于每一角度值，确定所检测角度值与车辆位置与己知反射器之间预期角度值之间的偏差，v）对于所选择的角度值的每一种可能组合反复进行这些步骤。

objective to evaluate the role of mr perfusion weighted imaging in preoperation diagnosis of meningiomas.methods mr perfusion weighted images was performed in 47 patients with meningiomas followed by conventional imaging.results the mean rcbv values of angioblastic was the highest in the parenchyma of tumor.the mean rcbv values of malignant group was the lowest.the biggest mean rcbv values among different type meningiomas was statistically significant.the biggest mean rcbv values between benign and malignant group meningiomas was statistically significant,but not in the peri-tumor edema.conclusion the rcbv values were useful in the preoperative differentiation diagnosis of different types of meningiomas.those in the peri-tumor edema were useless in the preoperative differentiation diagnosis of different types of meningiomas.

目的 探讨磁共振灌注成像技术对脑膜瘤术前分型及良恶性鉴别的临床应用价值。方法对47例脑膜瘤病人行mr灌注成像检查，对5种亚型的良性脑膜瘤的mr灌注成像进行分析，并与非典型性及恶性脑膜瘤进行比较。结果血管瘤型脑膜瘤实质部分的rcbv值均数最高，恶性组脑膜瘤的rcbv值均数最低。各亚型间瘤体实质最大rcbv值均数间差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05)，良恶性脑膜瘤实质部分最大rcbv值均数间差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05)。瘤周水肿区的rcbv值均数间差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05)。结论 rcbv值对脑膜瘤术前分型及良恶性鉴别有所帮助，而瘤周水肿区的rcbv值对脑膜瘤分型及良恶性鉴别未显示临床实用价值。

3The values of AEMG of the contralateral multifidus were higher than ipsilateral during trunk axial rotation;(4) During the trunk flex to 45 and 65 degree position, the AEMG of lumbar multifidus and erector spinae muscles were higher than the other degree and there was significant difference.(Experiment 2)(1)The AEMG of the lumbar multifidus and erector spinae were influenced by load levels, load ways and road conditions during the walking.There was significant interaction between load levels and load ways.

(1) 负荷等级、负荷方式及路面条件对行走过程中腰部竖脊肌和多裂肌AEMG具有显著影响，且负荷等级与负荷方式之间交互作用显著；左手负重行走时腰部竖脊肌AEMG与右手负重时不存在显著差异，但背部负重时的竖脊肌AEMG值明显小于单侧手负重时的AEMG值；(2)多裂肌的AEMG值在不同负重方式下行走时均无显著差异；(3)路面条件对腰部肌肉AEMG值具有显著影响，上楼时腰部竖脊肌、多裂肌的AEMG值显著大于平地和下楼时的AEMG值；(4)单侧手持负荷且当负荷等级达到一定水平时，腰部竖脊肌和多裂肌对侧的AEMG值显著大于同侧。

In the space, along with increased distance from the main ore-controlling structures, the frequency of P type of pyrite and their thermoelectricity also decreased gradually. Within one lode, from the upper to the lower parts of an ore body, the vertical change of pyrite in thermoelectricity as the follows:① when the ore body is stable, that is when the ore body is uniformly and continuously mineralized, the Dp andαvalues keep increased from shallow to deeper parts;② when an ore body is discontinuously mineralized, the Dp andαvalues have a wavy increasing tendency from the shallow to the deeper;③ when the deeper part of an ore body contains abundant, Co and Ni high mafic dykes, the Dp andαvalues of pyrite decreased from the shallow to the deeper parts of an ore body, that is, an reversed zoning of pyrite thermoelectricity occurs for pyrite in this situation contain more Ni and Co and belongs to N type.④ For the deposits hosted in the Archean metamorphic rocks, because all of the pyrite in this case is N-type, the vertical change of pyrite is not featured by the transition of pyrite type, but by the increased values of Vnp and α from the shallow to deeper parts of an ore body.

在空间域上，水平分带规律为：随远离主干断裂，矿脉中P型的出现频率逐渐降低或热电系数值逐渐变小；在同一条矿脉中，这是由于矿化不均匀性及脉岩的影响，由矿体的上部到下部，它的垂向变化特征可以有如下几种变化形式：①由矿体的浅部到深部，黄铁矿的Dp值、或α值呈稳定升高的趋势时，矿体往往表现为矿化均匀，连续性好、延伸稳定；②由浅部到深部，黄铁矿的Dp值、α值呈波状变化，但总体又具有增大的趋势时，所在的矿体连续性差；③当矿脉的下部发育有大量的基性脉岩时，由于基性脉岩中常含有较高的Co、Ni，使其中黄铁矿的Co、Ni含量较高而呈N型导电，由矿体的上部到下部，黄铁矿的Dp值、α值呈减少的趋势，而造成黄铁矿热电性特征的逆向分带，④产于太古代变质岩中的中深脉状金矿，由于其中的黄铁矿均为N型导电，所以垂向变化规律并不表现为导型的改变，只是Vnp值或α值从矿体的上部到下部由小变大。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。