债权人权利

Bagley, Entrepreneur's Guide ."Creditors' Rights and Bankruptcy." Chap. 12 pp.

Bagley，《创业者商法指南》第十二章《破产与债权人之权利》（第三八四页至第四三○页

11 The facilities hereby expressed to be granted to the Borrower may be utilized or drawn down by all or any one or more of them AND the repayment and other obligations of the Borrower hereunder shall continue to be binding upon all of them notwithstanding that not all of them may from time to time or at any time have been making use of the facilities hereby expressed to be granted or that such facilities may be utilized by all or any one or more of the Borrower in different proportions AND shall continue in full force and effect and be binding upon all the persons comprising the Borrower and any of them not released by the Lender from their obligations hereunder notwithstanding the liquidation or cessation of business of any of the Borrower or the release by the Lender of any one or more of the Borrower from any or all of their obligations hereunder AND no arrangement between the Borrower and their successors or assigns shall prejudice the right of the Lender to pursue the remedies against any one or more of them and in such order and manner as the Lender may think fit and the relationship between the Lender and/or the Borrower shall be that of principal and debtors and no giving of time or indulgence to or release of any one or more of the Borrower shall affect the right of the Lender to pursue the remedies against the other or others as if such giving of time indulgence or release had not been made

18.11 根据本契据明文规定批予借款人的信贷安排，可由借款人全部各人或任何一人或多人使用或提取，而借款人根据本契据承担的还款及其他义务须继续对全部各人具约束力，即使并非全部各人皆不时或在任何时间利用根据本契据明文规定批予的信贷安排，或即使信贷安排可能由借款人全部各人或任何一人或多人按不同比例使用，借款人根据本契据承担的还款及其他义务仍须继续对全部各人具约束力。即使借款人任何一个清盘或停业，或贷款人已解除借款人任何一个或多个在本契据中的任何或全部责任，借款人根据本契据承担的还款及其他义务须继续有效，并对借款人所包括的全部各人及当中任何未获贷款人解除本契据义务的人士具约束力；借款人、其继承人或受让人之间的安排，不得妨碍贷款人以其认为合适的次序及方式针对借款人及其继承人／受让人任何一人或多人采取补救方法的权利，而贷款人及／或借款人之间的关系须为债权人与债务人之间的关系，借款人任何一人或多人获延期、宽限或免除责任，均不得影响贷款人针对其他一人或多人采取补救方法的权利，犹如从未作出延期、宽限或免除责任一样。

In order to prevent the damages to the claimer caused by the indecent increase in the obligor's property, the law allows the claimer to have the rights based on the obligor and the third person's deeds.

但是法律为防止因债务人财产的不当减少而给债权人的债权带来损害，允许债权人对债务人和第三人的行为行使法律所规定的权利。

The right to counterplea refers to the debtor's right to counter creditor's right to request according to statutory particulars of the matter, when the latter exercises its creditors' rights.

抗辩权是指债权人行使债权时，债务人根据法定事由，对抗债权人行使请求权的权利。

Guaranteeing period refers to the ultimate time for guarantors to bear loaner who couldn't use the right.

保证期间应为保证人能够容忍债权人不积极行使权利的最长时间，保证期间的性质应为一种特殊的权利行使期间，是一种独立的期间形态。

The effects of bill hypothecation include: the proving effects of right, it is the analyses about the way that the holder proves that he is the owner of the right according to the endorsement; the effect of stopping the countervailing power, it is the analyses about the way of stopping the apply of the obligator's right of defense against the pledger; the effect of transfer endorsement, i

文章的第四部分，对票据质押权人实现质权的方式做出解释和分析，1、向付款人请求付款，是主债务未到期而票据已到期时，票据质押人作为主债权人，即可以依背书的连续性证明自己权利的存在，持票据提示付款人付款的问题。2、行使票据追索权，是付款请求权的一种补充或保障性的权利，作为第二次请求权有效地起到了保障票据债权流通、票据制度规范运行的作用。3、票据届期与其所担保的债权的届期问题，由于票据的到期日与其所担保的债权的期限有所不同，所以在票据债权的实现上有异，现实中票据的到期日与其所担保的债权的期限的不同，本文就票据所担保的债权与票据的到期日同时届期、票据的到期日先于被担保债权的期限到达、票据到期日后于被担保债权的清偿期到达，这样三种情况进行分析。

Firstly, I made a contract law concept of creditor's subrogation. It is the right of the creditor who suffers to the injure because of the debtor exercise creditor's rights late, so the creditor request the court of the people to subrogate the debtor's right with his own name, and analyze its characteristic.

首先，笔者提出了合同法上债权人代位权的概念，合同法中的代位权，是指债务人怠于行使其到期债权，债权人因此遭受损害而向人民法院请求以自己的名义代位行使债务人债权的权利，并对其特点进行了分析。

Among the five civil rights,those which cannot be subrogated include exclusive obligatory right for obligor,the aes strum in person,right of person,right of succession and intellectual property.Besides the aes strum due by paying,the aes strum without personality or undue in special situation,jus in rem and right of claim in rem can all be subrogated.

指出五大民事权利中，债权人不得代位行使的权利，除专属于债务人自身的债权外，还有公民的人身权，继承权，民事主体享有的知识产权；除金钱给付内容的到期债权外，只要是不具有人身属性的债权、特定情况下未到期的债权、物权及物上请求权，债权人都可代位行使。

Creditor subrogating right is a forming right. The object of creditor subrogating right in China be limitted in creditor's rights. But in comparative law, this object maybe include requested rights of material right and some additional rights. What kind of right can becoming the object of subrogating right be decided by the exertion purpose of co-suretyship.

摘 要：债权人代位权应是一种形成权，我国代位权的客体仅限于债务人的债权，但在比较法上，该客体尚可能包括物权请求权等其他权利，何种权利能够成为代位权的客体，主要由为共同担保这一代位行使目的来决定。

At first the author compares the legislation in different countries. Then he argues that under normal condition, the debtor can require one, several or all debtees suffering the liability, and the right of the debtor is somehow restricted when any of debtees is bankrupt.

在借鉴传统民法理论和各种立法例的基础上，论文认为在债权人行使权利方面，在正常情况下，债权人可同时或先后请求一个、数个或全体债务人承担部分或全部责任。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。