债权人

Meanwhile there is rights and interests of the third part, especially the creditor of the enterprises being transferred unavoidable to be involved, because of the opposite benefit between the two parts: the purchaser, the bargainor and the creditor, so it is common that the purchaser and the bargainor aggrieve the legal rights and interests of the creditor.

同时企业产权转让必然涉及到第三方尤其是债权人的利益，买卖双方与第三方债权人利益的相对立容易导致在企业产权整体转让的过程中，买卖双方通过各种方式侵害第三方债权人的合法权益。

Under the PRC Contract Law, the exercise of right of cancellation can be triggered in three circumstances:(1) debtor waives its right against its own debtors;(2) debtor transfers its property for free;(3) debtor transfer its property at an unreasonably low price and cause damages to the creditor and the transferee is aware of the debtor's behavior. Compared with the Contract Law, the right of cancellation under the Property Law is more extensive.

相比之下，《物权法》所规定的撤销权的行使条件更宽，只要协议损害其他债权人利益，其他债权人就可行使撤销权，但《物权法》对何为"损害债权人利益"却没有给出明确的判断标准，有待在司法实践中进一步明确。

For a lawsuit concerning a dispute over a guarantee contract, if the creditor claims its rights against the guarantor and the warrantee, the people's court shall take the guarantor and the warrantee as codefendants, if the creditor sues only against the guarantor, except that the guarantor shall assume the joint and several liability according to the guarantee contract, the people's court shall notify the warrantee to participate in litigation as the codefendant, and if the creditor sues only against the warrantee, the people's court may only take the warrantee as the defendant.

因保证合同纠纷提起的诉讼，债权人向保证人和被保证人一并主张权利的，人民法院应当将保证人和被保证人列为共同被告；债权人仅起诉保证人的，除保证合同明确约定保证人承担连带责任的外，人民法院应当通知被保证人作为共同被告参加诉讼；债权人仅起诉被保证人的，可只列被保证人为被告。

Company creditors, including convertible debt creditors and the creditors of the debt conversion, and both shareholders have different legal status to legal protection is not the same, generally, the creditors of the company in a vulnerable position, the company's shareholders to the rights and the rights of creditors of the company are not very good, so in reality, Company creditors often without protection phenomenon.

公司债权人包括可转换债债权人和不可转换债的债权人，两者与股东有着不同的法律地位，受到的法律保护也不相同，总体来说，公司债权人处于一种弱势的地位，股东享有公司的各项权利，而公司债权人的权利却不是很充分，因此在现实中，经常出现公司债权人的利益得不到保护的现象。

In the Civil Law Family,the collateral guarantor'srights of defense mainly are related to the invalidity of the underlying contract,the revocability of the underlying contract,the right of offset,the concurrentconditions,"Einrede der Unsicherkei",the invalidity of the guarantee contract.the period of validity,the special terms of immunity from the guarantor's liabilityand beneficiam excussionis.Under the case law of the Common Law Family,thesituations in which the collateral guarantor can claim the rights of defense mainlyinclude the situation of non-fulfillment of the guarantee condition,the situationrelated to the extent of guarantor's liability,the situation under which the creditordidn't perform his obligations,the situation related to the appropriation ofpayments,the situations related to fulfillment of purpose of guarantee,thesituation related to the creditor's laches,the situation related to the loss ofsecurities held by the creditor,the situation related to the discharge of theprincipal debtor,the situation related to the creditor connivance in the default ofthe principal,the situation related to the discharge arising by operation of law andthe situation related to the fiduciary duty.

大陆法系中，从属保证人对债权人的抗辩权主要有：主债务无效抗辩权、主债务可撤销抗辩权、抵销抗辩权、同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权、保证合同无效抗辩权、保证期间抗辩权、特殊免责抗辩权以及先诉抗辩权等；根据英美法系国家的判例法，从属保证人能够主张抗辩权的情形主要有：保证责任条件不成就的抗辩、关于保证责任范围的抗辩、债权人不履行义务的抗辩、关于债务清偿分配的抗辩、保证目的已实现的抗辩、关于债权人懈怠的抗辩、关于债权人享有的担保权益丧失的抗辩、债务人的债务免除抗辩、债权人对债务人违约纵容的抗辩、法律适用导致保证责任解除的抗辩、就信托义务原则提出的抗辩。

The first section,the obligee's conception and quality of the withdrawing right.

包括债权人的撤销权的概念、债权人的撤销权与相关权利的比较、债权人的撤销权的性质。

Because company debt undertaking directly correlates with the specific benefit of company creditor. In order to the safety and credit of market business, how to protecting the benefit of company creditor and establishing the perfect protection system has become a protrusive and important problem.

由于公司债务承担直接关系到公司债权人的特定利益，为维护市场交易安全和信用，如何保护公司债债权人的利益，建立完善的公司债债权人保护制度，便突显成一个重要的问题。

As a system to protect the interest of the creditors before the declaration of bankruptcy.the right to repeal of bankrupt sets its aim to protect the creditor as a whole.This system repeals any Liquidation action which is against the interest of all the creditors,thus to realize the aim of bankruptcy law that the assets for insolvency are fairly and reasonably allocated to creditors.

破产撤销权作为一种保护破产宣告之前债权人利益的制度，设定的目的在于保护全体债权人的整体利益，对于任何损害债权人整体利益的个别清偿行为或减少破产财产的行为予以撤销，以期实现破产法许可债权人公平合理的分配债务人破产财产的基本宗旨。

Chapter four, The Receiver of commercial bank insolvency.

第五章商业银行破产债权人的确认和组织，鉴于商业银行破产债权人不同于普通企业债权人的特点，本章结合商业银行具体金融业务和产品，深入分析了不同法律关系项下金融债权人身份的确认；并阐述了在商业银行破产债权人人数众多的特殊情况下，债权人委员会制度在商业银行破产制度中的应用。

With regard to the lack of corresponding entity right backing for "execute the third party" according to the procedure law in current Chinese creditor"s subrogation system;the inconsistence between the entity law and the procedure law for the conditions to exercise creditor"s subrogation;the obscure effect of the exercising of the creditor"s subrogation;the indefiniteness of right and status of the parties in the subrogation proceeding and so on,it is suggested that amend the civil code,confine the creditor"s subrogation system,coordinate the rules in entity law and procedure law related to the debtees" to exercise their subrogation,define the creditor"s subrogation,the right and obligation of related parties in the procedure,perfect the rules in procedure law in order to provide proceeding procedure security for the realization of the creditors subrogation.

并针对我国现行债权人代位权制度在程序法中&执行第三人&缺乏相应实体权利依据、实体法与程序法有关债权人代位权行使条件规定不一致、债权人行使代位权效力不清、当事人在代位权诉讼中的地位和权利不明确等诸多缺欠，提出了制定民法典确定债权人代位权制度、协调实体法和程序法中关于债权人行使代位权的规定、明确债权人代位权诉讼相关当事人的权利义务、完善程序法规定为债权人代位权实现提供诉讼程序保障的意见。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。