债权

But the judicial interpretation-"the debt that without protection of law"-is restricted. If somebody kidnaps others for some reasonable creditor's right, he or she should not be criminated as the kidnapper.

但该解释中&法律不予保护的债务&范围太窄，行为人为索取单方面主张的合理债权而绑架他人的，也不应定绑架罪。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

The disadvantageous condition compared with shareholders, and the exterior status dissociating from the corporate governance, run counter to the essence of the credit.

债权人与股东相比的不利处境，和游离于公司治理结构之外的外部人地位，是与其债权本质背道而驰的。

In addition, at the same time that the new bankruptcy laws were taking effect, credit card issuers and banks were finding creative ways to avoid usury problems by domiciling themselves in creditor-friendly states, such as South Dakota, and default rates for consumers now exceed 30% in some cases.

此外，在此同时，新破产法生效后，发卡银行和高利贷问题寻找创造性的方式，以避免自己的债权迁友善国家例如南达科他、坏帐率超过30%的消费者现在有的。

There are many lenders who are realizing that bad credit is effecting a large population of people.

有许多放款人认识到不良债权问题，是影响一个人口众多的人。

This system functions through endowing obligatory claim with the force similar to that of real right.

该制度通过赋予债权请求权以类似于物权的效力来实现对债权人利益的保护。

These principles and skills can then be easily extrapolated and applied to more complex contingent claims.

这些原则和技巧就可以很容易地推断并应用于更复杂的或有债权。&/峰&

As far as the special characteristics of creditors 'right hypothecated by reimbursement priority of construction works is concerned, the author proposes a public notice for this priority shall be one combining primary registration and registration of transfer.

针对建筑工程优先受偿权所担保的债权所具有的特殊性，笔者建议对此项优先权应当采取初始登记与变更登记相结合的公示方法，并且赋予此项公示制度为建筑工程优先受偿权的对抗要件。

Banks and other creditors enjoy higher priority in impounding mortgages or other securities from insolvent debtor s.

已作为银行贷款等债权的抵押物或者其他担保物的财产，银行和其他债权人享有就该抵押物或者其他担保物优先受偿的权利。

The paper has five parts with about 35 , 000 words besides preface , introducing the evolution and development of the system of the third persons infracting rights of obligee

本文大约35000余字，除前言外，分五个部分对第三人侵害债权制度的沿革及发展做了力所能及的介绍，因学识有限难免多有疏漏。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。