债权

It can oppose the third part in conditions. From the point of view of the value of the law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right takes the value to protecting live value of the human being, to preserving the social equality and justice, to protecting the puny, to dispersing the social risks, to protecting the basic human rights. According to the institutional theories of law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right has the important value that it can realize justice; optimize the allocation of the risks, encourage people to supervising the discharge of the labor"s creditor"s right. On the basis of the sociology of law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right is the social demands development and has strong social sense.

从法的价值理念的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度秉承的保护人类的生存价值，维护社会公平正义，保护弱势群体，分散社会风险，保护基本人权，推行保护劳动者的社会政策的价值理念；从制度法学的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度具有实现公平、优化风险配置、激励社会力量对劳动债权的及时清偿进行监督和督促的重要制度价值；从法社会学的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度是社会发展的需要，具有很强的社会意义。

In the legal relationships of assignment of creditor's right, there are complicated relationships of interests between assignor, obligor and assignee, among which, the conflict of interests between obligor and assignee is the most conspicuous.

在债权让与的法律关系中，债权出让人、债务人和债权受让人之间、各个受让人之间以及出让人的其他债权人和债权受让人之间呈现出复杂的利益关系，其中，最主要的利益冲突是债务人与债权受让人之间的冲突。

Article 12When other terms of a debt are modified, the creditor shall recognize the fair value of the credit after the modification of other terms of the debt as the book value of the restructured debt and shall handle the book balance of the debt to be restructured and the book value of the restructured debt in accordance with Article 9 of these Standards.

第十二条修改其他债务条件的，债权人应当将修改其他债务条件后的债权的公允价值作为重组后债权的账面价值，重组债权的账面余额与重组后债权的账面价值之间的差额，比照本准则第九条的规定处理。

But comparing with the foreign ones, Chinese system of cession should be perfected in the condition of cession s insuring, the efficacity of informing, the range of cession, and the efficacity of twice cession, etc.

但与国外一些国家相比，我国的债权让与制度在债权让与生效的条件、通知的效力、债权让与的范围及债权二重让与的效力等诸方面还有待于完善。

The effects of bill hypothecation include: the proving effects of right, it is the analyses about the way that the holder proves that he is the owner of the right according to the endorsement; the effect of stopping the countervailing power, it is the analyses about the way of stopping the apply of the obligator's right of defense against the pledger; the effect of transfer endorsement, i

文章的第四部分，对票据质押权人实现质权的方式做出解释和分析，1、向付款人请求付款，是主债务未到期而票据已到期时，票据质押人作为主债权人，即可以依背书的连续性证明自己权利的存在，持票据提示付款人付款的问题。2、行使票据追索权，是付款请求权的一种补充或保障性的权利，作为第二次请求权有效地起到了保障票据债权流通、票据制度规范运行的作用。3、票据届期与其所担保的债权的届期问题，由于票据的到期日与其所担保的债权的期限有所不同，所以在票据债权的实现上有异，现实中票据的到期日与其所担保的债权的期限的不同，本文就票据所担保的债权与票据的到期日同时届期、票据的到期日先于被担保债权的期限到达、票据到期日后于被担保债权的清偿期到达，这样三种情况进行分析。

Article 106 Where the pledgee exercises his pledge right to the pledgor or the debtor of the pledged obligation and is refused, he may bring lawsuit against the pledgor and debtor of pledged obligation, or sue the debtor separately.

第一百零六条质权人向出质人、出质债权的债务人行使质权时，出质人、出质债权的债务人拒绝的，质权人可以起诉出质人和出质债权的债务人，也可以单独起诉出质债权的债务人。

The general evolution of Roman Law credit notion can be divided into three stages:t ransition from personal credit to property credit;coexisting pattern of credit notion and patria potestas notion;extension and development of Roman Law credit notion.

罗马法债权理念发展的一般历程分为三个阶段，即，人身性债权向财产性债权的过渡形成、债权理念与家父权理念的并存格局，以及罗马法债权理念的扩充发展。

As account receivable assignment being the crucial legal problem in international factoring, the author analyzes seriatim the force of assignment of account receivable creditor"s rights, the legal effect of factoring restriction on assignment of account receivable creditor"s rights, creditors rights assignment, right conflicts out of the assignment and the registration of assignment and pledge hereof. The author provides his own explanation on how to understand these problems within the contemporary Chinese legal system, and proposes a series of legislation suggestions.

其中，应收账款转让作为国际保理法律问题的核心，笔者着重对国际保理中对将来发生应收账款债权转让的效力、限制转让应收账款债权办理保理的法律后果、债权转让通知、应收账款债权转让引起的权利冲突、应收账款债权转让及质押登记等问题进行了逐项分析，就如何在我国当前法律环境下理解这些问题作出了自己的解释。

Among the five civil rights,those which cannot be subrogated include exclusive obligatory right for obligor,the aes strum in person,right of person,right of succession and intellectual property.Besides the aes strum due by paying,the aes strum without personality or undue in special situation,jus in rem and right of claim in rem can all be subrogated.

指出五大民事权利中，债权人不得代位行使的权利，除专属于债务人自身的债权外，还有公民的人身权，继承权，民事主体享有的知识产权；除金钱给付内容的到期债权外，只要是不具有人身属性的债权、特定情况下未到期的债权、物权及物上请求权，债权人都可代位行使。

The dissertation begins with the investigation of the fruitful research on function of debt governance in developed countries such as UK, US, Japan and Germany, and attempts to fill some important gaps in our understanding of inefficient investment controlling function, bankruptcy threat function and function of creditor's participating in corporate governance; Second, Theoretical and empirical study is done on whether three functions of debt governance can work well in state-owned listed companies. The result shows that so far the function of debt governance can't work well as expected; Third, after examining the special institutional background of China, the dissertation argues, grounded on the research results, that the essential institutional reasons include creditors and debtors being "quasi" market participants, the "quasi-equal" debtor-creditor relationships and the "quasi" market rules; Finally, it comes to the conclusion that the fundamental methods to change the situation are to encourage the supervision of banks, to deepen the reform of state-owned companies and to fulfill the outside institutional requirements for guaranteeing the function of debt governance.

文章首先借鉴英美、日德等发达国家对债权治理功效的已有研究成果，总结归纳出负债抑制非效率投资功效、负债的破产威胁功效以及债权人直接介入公司治理功效；其次，分别对三大债权治理功效在我国国有控股上市公司中能否发挥作用进行理论解析和实证检验，研究发现，目前我国企业债权治理功效不能发挥应有的作用；再次，针对研究结论，从我国特有的制度背景出发，分析其症结，认为我国目前的债权债务双方的&准&市场主体、债权债务双方的&准&平等关系、&准&市场游戏规则是导致债权治理功效不能发挥作用的根本制度原因；最后，提出解决对策，认为增强银行的监督激励、深化国有企业的改革以及实现债权治理功效的外在制度要求是债权治理功效发挥作用的根本途径。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。