倍性

These results indicated some differences from other investigated autopolyploid plants in autopolyploid watermelon. Autotriploid watermelon, in particular, showed unusual characters of genome structure and DNA methylation status, which may be closely associated with the oddploidy effect and the excellent traits present in triploid plants.

综上结果证明，西瓜同源多倍化过程中发生的遗传和表观遗传改变与已报导的一些植物的同源多倍化有所不同，特别是三倍体西瓜，其表现出独特的基因组结构及DNA甲基化状态变化特徵，而这可能与植物的奇倍性效应及三倍体西瓜优良性状的形成密切相关。

The results indicated that there was a evident correlationship between chromocenter diameter,heterochromatin number and plant ploidy level.The chromocenter diameter and heterochromatin number of haploid and double haploid are 5.1,5.0 μm and 13.3,11.9 μm respectively.

研究发现，黄瓜染色中心直径和异染色质数目与植株倍性呈正相关，可作为黄瓜倍性鉴定的间接指标，其中单倍体染色中心直径平均为5 1μm，双单倍体为13 3μm，单倍体异染色质数目平均5 0，双单倍体为11 9。

The results also indicated that there was a evident correlationship between chromocenter diameter, heterochromatin number and the plant ploidy level. The chromocenter diameter and heterochromatin number of haploid and double haploid are 5.1um, 5.2 and 13.3um, 10.7, respectively.2. Ploidy Determination in CucumberCucwm/5 sativus L.

同时研究中还发现，黄瓜染色中心直径和异染色质数目与植株倍性呈正相关，可作为黄瓜倍性鉴定的间接指标，其中单倍体染色中心直径平均为5.1um、双单倍体为13.3um，单倍体异染色质数目平均为5.2，双单倍体为10.7。

Haplont A haploid organism that represents the vegetative stage in life cycles in which diploidy is restricted to the zygote.

单倍性生物：是一个单倍体或生物体，该生物体体现二倍性仅限于合子的生活史中的营养阶段。

The results indicated that the treatment of irradiation restrained the growth and differentiation of protocorm, especially to roots.The LD50 is 67.23Gy, because the protocorm is a integrate embryoids and higher tolerance was found. Ploidy analysis showed that most of aberrant seedlings go with the change of DNA and they were not euploid. When the plants trearted by irradiation, some of aberrant seedlings appeared stem forfication, and leaves appeared chlorophyll-deficient or green-white.,probably due to some genes' expression or closing.

结果表明：辐照处理对种胚原球茎的生长和分化有抑制作用，尤其是对根的抑制更为明显；由于种胚原球茎的完整性好，耐受性强，其辐照半致死剂量(LD50)为67.23Gy；流式细胞分析表明，大多数外部形态发生改变的植株其细胞内DNA的倍性发生了改变，出现相当多的非整倍体；此外，辐照产生的变异苗出现茎分叉、叶片缺绿或白绿相间等现象，可能是由于某些基因的表达与关闭引起的。

Autopolyploidy A type of polyploidy involving the multiplication of chromo-some sets from only one species.

同源多倍性：通常是由同一个体，同一纯种的染色体数目加倍而成的多倍性现象。

However, analysis of DNA methylation level indicated that the total DNA methylation levels were not significantly different between diploid and autotetraploid. Autotriploid showed a trend of low DNA methylation level. It implied that the alterations of DNA methylation levels were not linear with the autopolyploidy level in watermelon.

有趣地是，二倍体与四倍体西瓜相比DNA甲基化水准却未发生大规模的调整，而三倍体西瓜显示出较为明显的低DNA甲基化水准趋势，表明西瓜同源多倍化过程中其基因组DNA甲基化水准变化与其倍性不成线性关系。

Using count the leave.and flow cytometric to identifiy ploidy levels for the regenerated plants derived from antherculture in burley tobacco in this article,it shows that using count the chloroplast method could identify the ploidy levels simply and economic but it cannot identify the mixoploid accurately, so it easily lead to misidentify.

本文分别用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数和流式细胞仪两种方法来鉴定花药培养再生植株染色体的倍性，结果发现叶绿体计数法可以简单经济的检测烟草花药培养再生植株的染色体倍性，但它不能准确地鉴定出混倍体植株，易造成误判。

The improved L.D.Cua method was used to induce tetraploid of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. The suitable treating time of 0.2% colchicine, the morphology characters and cytology identification between plants of diploid and obtained tetraploid were studied.

采用改良L.D.Cua法诱导短把栝楼获得四倍体，研究了0.2%浓度的秋水仙碱诱导短把栝楼染色体倍性变异的最佳处理时间、四倍体栝楼与原栝楼的形态特征及其四倍体与二倍体的细胞学鉴定。

The genetic analysis and improvement of characters, such as tuber processing quality traits and yield components which tend to be quantitatively inherited, are far more difficult than those at diploid potato. Reviewing the earlier studies indicated that a few systematic investigations on genetics of important traits in potato were untaken and most focused on estimates of combing ability for agronomic traits due to limited materials and methodologies available.

利用二倍体材料简化了遗传分离比例、可应用现有的二倍体遗传模型进行遗传分析并更有效的挖掘和利用二倍体资源中的优异基因，进而通过倍性育种及遗传工程育种将有利性状转育到四倍体普通栽培品种。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。