倍增过程

Movement trajectories of electrons under complex field and state parameters when electrons return to the dielectric surface are obtained by simulation,such as impact energy and return time. Variation laws of electron movement with emergence angle and microwave electromagnetic parameters are also derived. The emergence angle of electron has significant effect on the movement of electron,and there is an emergence angle in which the electron has the maximum trajectory length and impact energy.

研究发现：电子出射角度对其运动状态有显著影响，电子存在运动轨迹最大的某一出射角度，该角度下电子拥有最大的撞击能量；微波电场幅值的增加将使电子撞击能量增加，返回时间减小，微波电场相位的变化使电子的撞击能量和返回时间呈周期振荡，这从本质上解释了电子数量在二次电子倍增过程中以微波频率两倍周期振荡的原因；随着微波频率的增加电子将由简单的类抛物线运动转变为复杂的振荡运动。

Variation laws of electron movement with emergence angle and microwave electromagnetic parameters are also derived. The emergence angle of electron has significant effect on the movement of electron, and there is an emergence angle in which the electron has the maximum trajectory length and impact energy, Impact energy will increase and return time will reduce as increasing the amplitude of electric field, and both parameter would oscillate with the phase of electric field, which can essentially explain that multipactoring electron number oscillates in twice the frequency with the increase of microwave frequency, electron trajectory will change from parabolic-like movement to complex oscillation.

研究发现：电子出射角度对其运动状态有显著影响，电子存在运动轨迹最大的某一出射角度，该角度下电子拥有最大的撞击能量；微波电场幅值的增加将使电子撞击能量增加，返回时间减小，微波电场相位的变化使电子的撞击能量和返回时间呈周期振荡，这从本质上解释了电子数量在二次电子倍增过程中以微波频率两倍周期振荡的原因；随着微波频率的增加电子将由简单的类抛物线运动转变为复杂的振荡运动。

When the field in charge carrier multiplier is high enough, the energy gained excites mechanism-impact ionization.

信号电荷在电荷载流子倍增寄存器中的强场下，吸收电场能量激发碰撞电离过程。

It is clear from the comparison of the number of AmphiL34 and AmphiS29 genes with that of rat L34 and S29 genes that duplication of L34 and S29 genes occurred in vertebrates like rat. It therefore appears that the housekeeping ribosomal proteins genes such as L34 and S29 also underwent large-scale duplication during the early chordate evolution.

这一结果分别与大鼠7-9个L34拷贝数和14-17个S29拷贝数相比较，证明持家核糖体蛋白基因L34和S29基因在脊椎动物起源与进化过程中发生了大规模扩增，符合两轮基因倍增规律。

In consideration of the characters of solar radiant energy and inside structure of cars, obtains the optical parameters of window glazing and the interior materials by means of the electron multiplier phototube and colorimeter and theoretical analyses.

考虑太阳辐射和空调轿车车室结构的特点，采用光电倍增管和色度仪等实验手段，推导出车窗玻璃和结构材料的光学性能。采用蒙特卡罗法研究进入车室内的太阳辐射能量的再分配，即吸收、反射和透射等物理过程，编写了通用的计算软件，并以实际轿车空调车室模型作了数值计算。

We explored the process of glass microsphere classifying, MSP body molding and sintering, dynode making of MSP etc.

采用自行设计组分的高铅玻璃，用粉末法在立式炉成珠设备制备了玻璃微球，探索了微球板制备过程中玻璃微珠的分级技术、微球板电子倍增器基体成型和烧结工艺、打拿极制作技术等。

Azimuthal X-ray power distribution has been investigated in wire-array Z-pinch plasma implosions,using ST1432 scintillator,multi-mode quartz optical fiber and photomultiplier tube with the highest linear current.

在Z箍缩实验中，利用ST1432红光闪烁体、多模石英光纤探头和大电流光电倍增管探测器等研究了丝阵等离子体内爆过程中沿轴向与径向不同方位角的X光辐射功率分布。

The response mechanism of a photomultiplier tube interacting with an accelerator neutron source was investigated.

分析了中子束直接照射光电倍增管产生直照响应的过程和机理。

The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at the above wavelengths were measured respectively.

定标了光电倍增管的量子效率，介绍了实验原理和定标装置，系统分析了测量过程中引入的不确定度。

Coupled a ultrashort laser pulses into the fiber probe to serve as near-field optical excitation and acquired their response optical pulse, images of each moment that happened in a few picoseconds or nanoseconds could be obtained only once. The time broaden properties for a 50 ps pulse through a fiber probe were measured by streak camera.

在高时间分辨NSOM研究方面，本文先后建立了以皮秒红外条纹相机和光电倍增管为测量手段的皮秒、纳秒时间分辨NSOM装置，通过采集样品响应光脉冲的时间特性，单次扫描就可完成皮秒、纳秒变化过程中的近场光学图像。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。