俯冲

Peraluminous grarfites in Tibet occurred in a stage of collision between two continental crustal plates and the magma originated from anatexis of the upper crust.

喜马拉雅过铝花岗岩是陆内俯冲的岩石学记录，而冈底斯带过铝花岗岩更可能是特提斯洋壳北向俯冲的岩石学响应。

The higher subduction velocity advantages the low temperature in the subduction belt. In addition, it takes less time for the crust rock to subduct the deep and then return to shallow. The low temperature and the short time are benefit to forming and reserve the ultrahigh\|pressure metamorphic rocks.

板块持续的高速俯冲，不仅可以使得俯冲带形成低温环境，而且在陆壳岩石俯冲到地幔经受超高压变质作用后返回地表浅部的过程中，超高压变质岩在地幔滞留的时间短，为超高压变质岩的形成提供了必要条件。

In second part of this dissertation, we computed the thermal consequences of active ridge subduction in arc volcanism.

在第二部分的研究工作中，我们首先对活动海岭俯冲全过程进行了热模拟计算，得到了海岭俯冲对岛弧地质过程影响的较详细的定量结果，讨论了活动海岭俯冲与岛弧火山活动热演化特征。

The authors believe that the diversification of rock zonation and lithology of these high pressure rocks can be attributed to the metasomatism that took place between deep melt and ultrabasic rocks in the subduction zone, and thus propose a hypothesis of subduction melt metasomatism to explain jadeite formation.

笔者认为俯冲带中形成的深部熔体与超基性岩之间的交代变质是导致岩石分带和岩性多样化的根本原因，提出了俯冲带熔体交代成因说，认为俯冲带、深部流体和超基性岩体是形成翡翠及其过渡品种的3个必要条件，并因此指出在人工合成过程中引入流体相很可能是降低实验条件的苛刻程度、从而合成出真正具有商业意义的翡翠的途径。

With the constraints from published paleopmagnetic data on motion rates of continental blocks prior to their collision, this work firstly proposed the ultra-fast subduction rate could assist the underthrust of low-density continental crust into mantle depth to some extents.

在综合古地磁和地球物理资料的基础上，本文首次提出快速俯冲过程是一种驱动陆壳进行俯冲的因素，在超高压变质带的形成过程中，快速俯冲过程可能起到了某种程度的驱动作用。

After interpreting natural earthquakes since 1953,the author also did a exploratory research on the lithospheric tectonic relationship of South Tienshan orogen,and considered in west and east side,West Kunlun orogen and Tafim block,and considered that Tarim block subducts beneath the West Kunlun orogen and South Tienshan orogen in two direction;In Pamir area,a syntaxis formed with the West Kunlun orogen obducts upon the South Tienshan orogen,and result in the two great orogens that rejuvenated during Cenozoic and the subduction and jointing relationship of the two orogens and Tarim block,showing a specific basin-and-range coupling system.

5通过对天然地震剖面的解释，探索了南天山造山带、西昆仑造山带和塔里木地块的岩石圈大地构造关系，认为在东西两侧，塔里木地块为南北直接俯冲于西昆仑造山带和南天山造山带之下的双向俯冲模式；在中部地区，西昆仑造山带在帕米尔地区形成构造结并仰冲于南天山造山带的前陆冲断带之上，形成了两个新生代复活的巨型造山带，以及两大造山带与塔里木地块之间的俯冲和对接关系，形成了独特的&盆一山&耦合体系

They are:①completed total 8 000 km long natural seismic profiles cross the northern boundary and central part of the plateau, identified several deep-cut lithospheric faults and low velocity and low density bodies under the central part of the plateau related to Cenozoic volcanic eruption, the Tarim block subducted beneath the Altun Mts;②found the evidence that the Altyn Tagh fault formed in 220～240 Ma and at least 400 km sinistral offset since, and determined quantitatively deformation in Cenozoic;③discovered 350 km long high-ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt in the south border of the Qilian terrane,which brobably represented the Early Paleozoic boundary between the North China and Yangtze plates;④according to new discoveries of caledonian ophiolite,granite are subducted complex established paleo-collision orogenic framework of northern Qinghai-Tibet plateau;⑤proposed a new model .

本文展示了中法1995～2000年青藏高原北部地学研究的如下主要新进展：①完成8 000 km长的青藏高原北部及中部天然地震岩石圈探测剖面，确定若干条岩石圈断裂，发现与新生代火山喷发有关的青藏高原中部深处的低速、低密度体，塔里木地块俯冲于阿尔金山之下；②提出阿尔金断裂形成于220～240 Ma和左行平移400 km的科学依据及确定其新生代变形量；③确定祁连南缘350 km长的高压-超高压变质带，提出其可能代表早古生代时期北中国板块与扬子板块之间西部界限的新认识；④根据加里东期蛇绿岩、花岗岩及俯冲杂岩带的新发现，初步建立了古碰撞造山格架；⑤提出高原隆升的&地幔底辟和内向陆内俯冲&的新假设。

First, the angular velocity function and maneuver load for certain maneuver flight (including hover, dive-hike and these two combined) are set up. The simulation results of the vibration of double-disk rotor system with cantilever supported on rigid bearings show that rotor would be apparently deformed under maneuver load. Second, the performance of oil force of SFD in maneuver flight is analyzed. The results show that in maneuver flight, the SFD with centering spring will become eccentric and its oil force will be time-related and offset-related.

首先，建立了水平盘旋、俯冲拉起及盘旋+俯冲拉起复合机动三种机动飞行条件下的机动角速度函数，并确定了对应机动飞行条件下的机动附加载荷（附加离心力和附加陀螺力矩），分析了带刚支的双盘悬臂转子系统在机动飞行条件下的振动特性，发现发动机转子在机动飞行时会发生明显变形；随后，分析了非定心挤压油膜阻尼器的油膜力特性，机动飞行时，油膜轴颈在机动附加载荷的作用下偏离外环中心，使得带定心弹支的挤压油膜阻尼器也变成了非定心挤压油膜阻尼器，其非定心挤压油膜力是瞬态时变的，并且与SFD油膜轴颈偏移量和进动形态有关；然后，在经典的Jeffcott转子系统中引入带定心弹支的挤压油膜阻尼器，分析了机动飞行时非线性转子系统的振动特性，发现挤压油膜阻尼器油膜力的非协调特性也反映到转子系统的振动响应中；之后，对机动飞行条件下带挤压油膜阻尼器的双盘悬臂转子系统的振动特性进行了分析，并重点分析、总结了俯冲拉起机动飞行时，系统结构参数和工作状态参数（转速比、机动飞行半径、机动角速度等）对该系统振动特性的影响。

First, the angular velocity function and maneuver load for certain maneuver flight (including hover, dive-hike and these two combined) are set up. The simulation results of the vibration of double-disk rotor system with cantilever supported on rigid bearings show that rotor would be apparently deformed under maneuver load. Second, the performance of oil force of SFD in maneuver flight is analyzed. The results show that in maneuver flight, the SFD with centering spring will become eccentric and its oil force will be time-related and offset-related. Then, SFDs are introduced into typical Jeffcott rotor system. The whole system will be statically displaced in maneuver flight and the nonsynchronous components of oil force appear in the response of rotor system.

首先，建立了水平盘旋、俯冲拉起及盘旋+俯冲拉起复合机动三种机动飞行条件下的机动角速度函数，并确定了对应机动飞行条件下的机动附加载荷(附加离心力和附加陀螺力矩)，分析了带刚支的双盘悬臂转子系统在机动飞行条件下的振动特性，发现发动机转子在机动飞行时会发生明显变形；随后，分析了非定心挤压油膜阻尼器的油膜力特性，机动飞行时，油膜轴颈在机动附加载荷的作用下偏离外环中心，使得带定心弹支的挤压油膜阻尼器也变成了非定心挤压油膜阻尼器，其非定心挤压油膜力是瞬态时变的，并且与SFD油膜轴颈偏移量和进动形态有关；然后，在经典的Jeffcott转子系统中引入带定心弹支的挤压油膜阻尼器，分析了机动飞行时非线性转子系统的振动特性，发现挤压油膜阻尼器油膜力的非协调特性也反映到转子系统的振动响应中；之后，对机动飞行条件下带挤压油膜阻尼器的双盘悬臂转子系统的振动特性进行了分析，并重点分析、总结了俯冲拉起机动飞行时，系统结构参数和工作状态参数(转速比、机动飞行半径、机动角速度等)对该系统振动特性的影响。

The orogenic strata have following characteristics: During the subduction and intracontinental orogeny, the strata experienced dramatic tectonic migration and mixing, resulting in various tectonic features. A short sequence usually composed of tectonic slices of various origins, times, deformations and metamorphisms, and scales. The original sequence was badly destroyed. The extant fragments of orogenic belt usually took form as melanges, especially the accretion complex wedge generated in subduction zone, which is contrary to the Law of Superposition. The original location of the accretion is also contradicted with the Law of Original Horizonality, because the accretion is oblique with high degree. Marine rocks, volcanic rocks of continental margin and metamorphic rocks were well-developed in the orogenic belt, especially ultra-basic, basic rocks were wide spread and were intensely metamorphosed, accompanied by metamorphic slices returned from hundred kilometers underground with ultra-high pressure and magma movements during syn-orogeny and post-orogeny, thus formed the colorful landscapes.

造山带非史密斯地层构成具如下独特性和复杂性：造山带在俯冲碰撞和陆内造山阶段，发生过强烈的构造搬运和构造混杂，构造形迹多样化，垂直不长的地层体往往是众多不同来源、不同时代，不同变形变质程度，不同大小的各种构造岩片拼贴体，地层原始层序被严重肢解、破坏；尤以产于俯冲带的俯冲增生杂岩楔的原始形成方式与史密斯地层学的&层序叠覆律&老下新上的顺序正好相反，其混杂岩增生方式是老的&片体&在上，新的&片体&阶段性拼贴在老的&增生片体&的斜下方，这种增生片体的原始位置亦与&原始水平律&相悖，即增生片体一般保持较高角度倾斜；在岩石类型和变质程度上，造山带海相和古陆缘火山岩以及变质岩普遍发育，尤其是超基性、基性岩系分布广泛，变质作用较强，伴有从百余公里以下深部超高压变质岩片的折返和同造山期与造山后期岩浆活动，构成极为复杂的地质景观。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。