修饰语

One end is the substantial use of the third person form, the present tense and the past tense; through frequent use of the third person form as the Subject, the writers of commercial editorials are at a position of an impartial third party describing the facts in an apparently neutral manner; the past tense and the present tense are also considerably employed to further help to enhance the objectivity of the writers" presentation, for they reflect the facts and events which did take place and do stay there now. The other is the moderate employment of modal operators and Modal Adjuncts. Those of low value group and median value group form the main body of all the modal operators; instead modal operators of high value group occur least frequently, which imply writers" strong attitude.

为得到更有普遍性更可信的结论，本文作者选取了30篇商业社评作为大样本进行统计处理、描述及分析；通过对语气成分及情态修饰语的分析，探讨了在商业社评中人际功能与非人际表现的平衡；一方面是大量使用第三人称、现在时态与过去时态，另一方面是应适度采用情态算子与情态修饰语。

A,an=not ab,abs=away ad,a,ac,ad,af,al,an,ap,as,at=to;at ambi=both ana=up ante=before anti=against auto=self be=do bene=good cata=complete cent=hundred circum=around co,com,con=together contra=against de=down,off dec,deka=ten dia=across dis=apart duo,di,twi=two dys=bad en=make ento=inside epi=upon equi=equal eu=good ex,ec,e=out fore=ahead hetero=different holo=complete homo=same hyper=above hypo=below in,il,im,ir=inside;not infra=below inter,intel=between intra,intro=within iso=same macro=big mal=bad medi=middle mega=giant meta=change micro=small mis=wrongly mono=one multi,poly=many neo=new nona,ennea=nine ob,oc,of,op=toward oct=eight omni=all orth=straight pan=all para=beside per=through peri=around post=after pre,pri=before prin=first pro=forward quad,tetra=four quint,penta=five re=back retro=back se=apart semi,demi,hemi=half sept,hepta=seven sext,hexa=six solo=alone sub,suc,suf,sug,sum,sup,sur,sus=under super,sur=over supra=above syn,sym=same tele=far trans,tra=across tri,ter=three un,ne,non=not uni=one ultra=beyond

成年人学英文的第一课和第二课刊出后，有数位读者写E-mail给我。有一位说道：「一篇文章的每一个单字都查到解释了，但整篇文章就是看不懂，怎麼办？」另一位说：「我的文法很差，没办法写完整的英文句子，要如何补救？」当发音和字汇都掌握住学习要领之后，剩下的就是「读」和「写」了，这才符合学习英文的正确步骤：听→说→读→写。台湾传统的学习方式由「写」开始，再「读」，然后才「说」，最后再去补救「听」力，可以说是背道而行，难怪效果不彰。那麼学习「读」的要诀是什麼呢？当然最重要的是能够了解整个句子的涵义。记得初中的时候背了很多文法规则，考试的分数虽然很高，但是对「读」的能力没有帮助。连那个时候流行的「英语九百句型」，也从来没有耐心读完过。然而我们今天能够看懂中文的文章，难道是因为我们熟悉中文的文法吗？答案是否定的。同样地，一个美国人虽然能阅读报纸，但是要求他做「英文文法分析」，他可能也会傻眼。英文的句子其实不需要去靠文法书中的规则去了解，文法书只应当作参考书，在有疑惑的时候才去查阅。平常应养成「约定成俗」的习惯，就是看别人怎麼用，然后「依样画葫芦」，日积月累，文法规则就化为无形了。因此，要训练「读」的技巧，不应该是靠文法规则，而是要多读。但是在读之前，要具备「了解句子」的基本能力，这就是我们的第三课─了解英文句子的要诀。了解英文句子的关键，在於先抓住「主词」和「动词」。看到一句很长的英文句子，不要害怕：先找主词，再找动词。动词如果是「及物动词」，再去找「受词」。主词、动词、受词之外，剩下的通通当做修饰语，有的修饰主词，有的修饰动词，有的修饰受词，有的修饰全句；任何两个完整的句子都可以用连接词连接起来。以上简单几句话，就是了解英文句子的基本观念。了解英文句子的第二步是熟悉英语的五种基本句型，其中前两种与不及物动词有关，后三种与及物动词有关。以下的句子中，用大括号表示{主词}或{受词}，中括号表示，剩下的部份都是修饰语。第一种与不及物动词有关的基本句型叫做「简单不及物句型」（Intransitive Verb，简称I），请背住以下五个句子

My grandmother was born in a sod house on the plains of northern Nebraska.

把副词修饰语拿到句子的开头可对该修饰语产生特别强调作用。

By observing the extraction results of previous two parts, it found that image words over half number of votes only have difference of number of votes and the contents are the same. The last 15 image words which get the most votes are the summery of all image extractor and are the opinion results of overhalf of extracotrs. 15 extracted image words plus final

分别观察前面两部分的筛选结果，发现各自票数超过半数以上的意象修饰语仅止於票数多寡的差异但是内容均为相同，而最后得到被选取次数最多之15个意象修饰语为所有意象形容词筛选者的综合意见，并且是撷取人数超过半数以上的意见结果。

Replacing premodification with postmodification in English language can weaken the disabilities attached to personality.

在英语中，用后修饰语取代前修饰语的形式，能够弱化人格的残障属性。

In Chinese, premodification is normally used while postmodification is rarely used.

汉语一般使用前修饰语，不使用后修饰语。

The premodification structure of expressions about human disabilities labels or defines the whole personality be a kind of 'disabled person', automatically giving prominence to the attributes of disabilities and negatively influencing our cognizance of personality with disability or handicap.

表达&残障属性&的前修饰语结构，把被修饰的整个人格标注为或定义为特定的&残障人&，自动突出了人格的&障碍&、&残疾&属性，消极地影响人们对有残障属性的人格的认知。

That is,"X" may be bare or unbare.

充当X成分的词语中有些词能带修饰语，有些词不能带修饰语，有些词是两可的。

One of a limited class of noun modifiers that determine the referents of noun phrases.

所谓名词修饰语就是可以用来修饰名词的词类、短语和从句。。。。

A word or word group, such as an adjective, that is placed adjacent to the noun it modifies without a linking verb; for example, pale in the pale girl.

修饰语，修饰性形容词一个词或词组，例如一个形容词，不用连接动词，紧接于它所修饰的名词之后；如在脸色苍白的小女孩里，苍白的

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。