修饰

Protease treatment of the plasma membranes could abolish the binding but NaIO_4 and glycosidase could not, indicating that nsLTP144 bound to plasma membranes protein without carbohydrate moiety. Using the homobifunctional cross-linking regent bissuberate (BS~3) and rice plasma membranes incubated with ~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144, we identified, after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, a putative protein receptor on the rice plasma membranes with the molecular mass around 60 kDa. NsLTP144 can not trigger extracelluar alkalization in arabidopsis, but can abolish the extracellular alkalization effect of phytopathogen elicitor cryptogein, suggesting that cryptogein and nsLTP144 may bind to the same membrane protein. In vitro pull-down assay showed that nsLTP144 interacted with OsCaM1, a possible extracellular calmodulin, implying that nsLTP144 and OsCaM1 could function in the same signal transduction pathway. These results shed light on revealing the roles of nsLTP in vivo and make it promising to finally characterize the plasma membranes receptor of nsLTP.

发现~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144、~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP110与水稻细胞质膜均具有特异性结合，而且结合是饱和性的、可被竞争的，符合配体-受体结合的典型特征，同时用于对照实验的蛋白质~(125)I-Thioredoxin没有此特性，表明水稻细胞质膜上存在nsLTP的受体；利用可氧化糖基的NaIO_4和水解糖基的N\'-糖苷酶F处理水稻细胞质膜，再进行结合实验，结合活性几乎不受影响；而利用胰蛋白酶处理细胞膜则使得结合能力几乎完全丧失，表明其受体为没有经过糖基化修饰的蛋白质；利用交联剂BS~3交联配体一受体后，再进行SDS-PAGE分离和放射自显影，结果显示水稻细胞质膜上的nsLTP受体中有一个60kDa的蛋白质可以与nsLTP144发生特异性的结合，可能是其受体；细胞外碱化实验表明，nsLTP144不能促使拟南芥原生质体细胞培养液的细胞外碱化反应，却能猝灭来自植物病原菌的激发子Cryptogein刺激拟南芥原生质体产生的细胞外碱化反应，表明nsLTP和Cryptogein结合细胞膜上相同的位点，保护了植物细胞免受Cryptogein导致的细胞程序性死亡，并诱导系统获得性抗性的产生；体外Pull-down实验表明，nsLTP144和水稻的OsCaM1具有相互作用，暗示了nsLTP144和OsCaM1可能同在一个信号通路上起作用。

PIAS SUMO E3 ligases co-localize with and modulate SUMO modification of BRCA1, and are required for BRCA1 ubiquitin ligase activity in cells.

Morris等人发现，乳腺癌易感基因BRCA1（已知参与DNA损伤响应）产物的泛素连接酶活性，是在DNA损伤之后被由PIAS 调控的SUMO修饰激发的。

In vitro SUMO modification of the BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer greatly increases its ligase activity, identifying it as a SUMO-regulated ubiquitin ligase. Further, PIAS SUMO ligases are required for complete accumulation of double-stranded DNA damage-repair proteins subsequent to RNF8 accrual, and for proficient double-strand break repair.

Galenty等人发现，两个连接酶（PIAS1 和 PIAS4）在DNA双链断裂处将各种不同的SUMO蛋白添加到DNA修复蛋白上，而SUMO蛋白则是泛素随后修饰这些蛋白中的其中一些所必需的。

Not only can we detect picogram levels -- one-trillionth of a gram -- of protein, but we can also see very subtle changes in the ways the protein is modified.

我们不仅能检测皮克水平-100亿分之一克蛋白，而且也可以看到的蛋白质修饰方式上的非常微妙变化。

In addition, they exhibit pleiotropic effects that operate independently of lipid modification.

另外，他们呈现出多种对油脂的独立的修饰作用（独立于调脂作用之外的多种作用）。

Polyvinyl acetate resin was prepared by suspension polymerization, and modified to carboxymethylated polyvinyl alcohol resin after several steps of reaction.

以悬浮聚合方法合成大孔聚醋酸乙烯酯树脂，通过一系列反应修饰成弱酸性阳离子交换树脂，表征了树脂的性能。

The oxidation and decoration of carbon nanotubes by polyvinyl alcohol have been demonstrated in these experiments.

聚乙烯醇对碳纳米管的氧化及修饰在实验中得到证实。

The polyvinyl alcohol is biocompatible and has lots of hydroxyls which can be modified.

聚乙烯醇具备优良的生物相容性和大量可以用于修饰的羟基。

A man of genius knows it all without the need of study; his opinions are pontifical and depend for their persuasiveness upon literary style rather than argument.

一个天才无须研究，便无所不知，他的观点是武断的，他的说服力建立在言辞修饰上，而不是建立在讲理上。

His style was essentially popular, both in its virtues and its limitations: natural, vital and spontaneous on the one hand, but always liable to faults of taste — to a sentimental style of portamento, for instance,or appealing for alms.

自然，朴实，充满生命力是一方面；但同时他也易受其自我偏好的影响——例如，在平叙调中添入多愁善感的因素，或者由于呜呜啐泣而打断了咏唱的连贯性，更或是因想多赢掌声而将咏唱过份加以夸张修饰。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失