信息素

Chemical senses; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; infochemicals; semiochemicals; chemical stimuli; chemical communication; chemical cues; chemical perception; pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide; PBAN; pheromone-binding protein; scent gland; scents; scent marking behavior; territorial behavior

化学感官；化学感受；化学接受体；信息化学；化学信息素；化学刺激物；化学通讯；化学线索；化学感知；信息素生物合成激活肽；PBAN；信息素-结合蛋白；臭腺；气味；臭迹的行为；区域性行为

Chemical senses; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; infochemicals; semiochemicals; chemical stimuli; chemical communication; chemical cues; chemical perception; pheromones; pheromone receptors; pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide; PBAN; pheromone-binding protein

化学感官；化学感受；化学接受体；信息化学；化学信息素；化学刺激物；化学通讯；化学线索；化学感知；信息素；信息素受体；信息素生物合成激活肽；PBAN；信息素结合蛋白

Chemical senses; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; infochemicals; semiochemicals; chemical stimuli; chemical communication; chemical cues; chemical perception; pheromones; pheromone receptors; pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide; PBAN; pheromone-binding protein; pheromone glands

化学感官；化学感受；化学接受体；信息化学；化学信息素；化学刺激物；化学通讯；化学线索；化学感知；信息素；信息素受体；信息素生物合成激活肽；PBAN；信息素结合蛋白；信息素腺

Pheromone traps; sex pheromone; anemotaxis; lures; disparlure; integrated control; attractants; chemical senses; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; infochemicals; semiochemicals; chemical stimuli; chemical communication; chemical cues; chemical perception; pheromones; pheromone receptors; pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide; pheromone biosynthesis; pheromone-binding protein; PBAN

信息素诱骗；性信息素趋风性；诱惑；舞毒蛾性引诱剂；综合防治；引诱剂；化学知觉；化学感受；化学接受体；信息化学；化学信息素；化学刺激物；化学通讯；化学因子；化学感觉；信息素；信息素受体；信息素生物合成-激活神经肽；信息素生物合成；信息素-结合蛋白；PBAN

Review articles only; chemical senses; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; infochemicals; semiochemicals; chemical stimuli; chemical communication; chemical cues; chemical perception; vomeronasal organ; vomeronasal epithelium; vomeromodulin; pheromone-binding protein; pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide; PBAN; Dufour's gland; scent gland; scents; scent marking behavior; territorial behavior; trail following behavior; feeding behavior; mating behavior; reproductive behavior

唯一综述；化学知觉；化学感受；化学接受体；信息化学；化学信息素；化学刺激物；化学通讯；化学因子；化学感觉；梨鼻器；犁鼻骨上皮；vomeromodulin；信息素-结合蛋白；信息素生物合成-激活神经肽；PBAN；杜氏腺；臭腺；气味；臭迹状态；区域性行为；踪迹跟随行为；摄食行为；交配行为；生殖行为

Chemical senses; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; infochemicals; semiochemicals; chemical stimuli; chemical communication; chemical cues; chemical perception; pheromone-binding protein; pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide; PBAN; Dufour's gland; oviposition deterring; queen pheromone

化学感官；化学感受；化学接受体；信息化学；化学信息素；化学刺激物；化学通讯；化学线索；化学感知；信息素结合蛋白；信息素生物合成激活肽；PBAN；杜氏腺；产卵阻止；母蜂信息素

Chemical senses; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; infochemicals; semiochemicals; chemical stimuli; chemical communication; chemical cues; chemical perception; pheromones; pheromone receptors; pheromone traps; pheromone emission; pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide; PBAN; pheromone-binding protein; pheromone glands; Dufour's gland; scent gland; scents; scent marking behavior; territorial behavior; trail following behavior; trail pheromone; aggregation pheromone; alarm pheromone; marking pheromone; oviposition deterring; queen pheromone; sex pheromone

化学感官；化学感受；化学接受体；信息化学；化学信息素；化学刺激物；化学通讯；化学线索；化学感知；信息素；信息素受体；信息素诱骗；信息素发射；信息素生物合成激活肽；PBAN；信息素结合蛋白；信息素腺；杜氏腺；臭腺；气味；臭迹行为；区域性行为；踪迹跟随行为；追踪信息素；群集信息素；报警信息素；标记信息素；产卵阻止；母蜂信息素；性信息素

The results indicate that female wasps deposit HMPs on the chorion of host eggs with her ovipositor near the end of egg-laying process. Na ye females do not posses the ability for recognizing the marking pheromones and have to obtain the ability though the learning process, in which the wasp inserts her ovipositor into a host egg to determine whether the egg has been parasitized followed by antennal drumming on the exterior. Once the learning process is completed, the female wasp will be able to discriminate between parasitized and unparasitized hosts and reject a parasitized egg by simply drumming on the exterior of the egg. Learning plays an important role in reducing initial rejection time when an unsuitable host is encountered. Female wasps of T. astriniae can quickly learn to associate the presence of a HMP on host egg chrion with the internal status of the egg.

研究结果表明，玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄主标记信息素是在其产卵过程中的收场阶段由产卵器产生的，并且标记在寄主卵表的化学物质；玉米螟赤眼蜂对标记信息素的识别不具有先天性，其必须先用产卵器插入寄生卵来检测是否被寄生，然后其触角不停地敲击，通过学习获得对标记信息素的识别能力，从而放弃了对寄生卵的选择，学习对初始放弃时间有着重要影响，改善了其对寄主搜索效率，这种学习行为是与寄主联系在一起学习的，它能根据寄主被寄生与否而对标记信息素作出反应与不反应。

According to disadvantage of AS that the speed low of convergentiss and easily entering the stagnation,improving the AS in some aspect by the way that importing pheromone windows that the value of pheromone cannot exceed the window,only deposit the pheromone on the edge that belongs to the iteration shortest solution path,releasing additional pheromone to the edge belongs to the so-far shortest solution path,judging the situation of convergent and to reinitialize pheromone,optimizing the solutions by local search procedure at the end of every iteration,modifying the transition probability by add some problem specific parameters and so on.

本文主要运用蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization，ACO)来求解VRP。针对蚁群算法收敛性比较差，易于停滞的缺陷，通过使用信息素窗口限制、信息素的最大最小值，只更新信息素迭代中最好解，增加了精英的蚂蚁，信息素重新初始化之前先判断出汇聚情况，在每次迭代过程中加入局部的搜索进行优化，在对蚁群算法进行了优化时考虑选择概率当中加入与问题的相关参数等措施，从而使蚁群算法的收敛性得到大大提高，避免了算法的停滞现象。

The progress of the study on the sex pheromones in Lasiocampidae in different respects, such as species-specific characteristics of the sex pheromones, its biosynthesis and regulatory mechanism and, its carriers and application in the field were reviewed.

从枯叶蛾科昆虫性信息素所具有的物种特异性、性信息素的生物合成及调控机理和性信息素载体选择及应用现状等方面系统阐述枯叶蛾科昆虫性信息素的研究现状及最新进展。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。