信息科学

The author reviews the science and technology history home and abroad,and introduces the neoteric revolution in this field,focusing on the four scientific discoveries-the Big Bang,the quark model in material structure,the plate structure,and the DNA double helix structure-and the five technological invention-nuclear technology,space technology,information technology,biotechnology and nanometer technology-in the 20th century and their academic base of theory of relativity and quantum mechanics;and the writer...

回顾了中国和世界科学技术发展的基本历程；介绍了近代的科学革命和技术革命；重点论述了20世纪科学发现和技术发明的理论基础是相对论和量子力学，以及20世纪的四大科学发现——宇宙大爆炸理论、物质结构夸克模型、大地构造板块学说和DNA双螺旋结构和五大技术发明——核技术、空天技术、信息技术、生物技术和纳米技术；展望了21世纪科技发展前途；提供了油气开发与利用的信息。

DMD is a combination of geology science with computer science, mineral information processing technology and graphic expressing.

数字矿床是地质科学与计算机科学高度结合、矿床信息的处理与表征高度统一的新的处理矿床信息的思想，具有较强的理论与实践意义。

The teacher's information literacy is badly needed ,with which he can search and select the information fast, discriminate and manage the information correctly and creatively to satisfy the needs of the information instruction's organization with the development of the multimedia instruction、the network education and distant education.

当前，由于现代教育科学、心理科学和信息技术的相互渗透，使得教育的信息化进程加速，多媒体教学、网络教学、远程教育等得到充分发展，这要求教师具备较高的信息素养，能够迅速地筛选和获取信息，准确地鉴别信息，创造性地加工和处理信息，以满足信息化教学的组织实施需要。

With the development of information technology and crop sciences, agricultural information technology has become a new field, in which crop system simulation is deeply and extensively involved.

农业信息技术是随着信息技术及农业科学的发展而出现的一个新兴科学领域，作物系统模拟则是农业信息技术领域的研究热点。

Bioinformatics represents a new, growing area of science that uses mathematics, informatics and computational approaches to answer biological questions. Recently years bioinformatics develops greatly with the molecule sequences data's rapidly increasing, and the genome sequence analysis mainly involving gene prediction and molecule evolution, becomes its primary research field.

生物信息学是运用数学、信息学、计算机科学等来阐明生物学意义的一门新兴交叉科学，近年来随着分子数据的快速增加而获得极大发展，其中包括基因预测和分子进化研究等内容的基因组序列分析是生物信息学的主要研究领域。

Scientific research,the nuclear point of project learing ,is considered to be a way of obtaining knowledge and knowing the world. In the course of project learning, by creating a kind of resembling situation or way of scientific reacher, teacher should be based on asking questions frequently to let students collect,analysize and deal with the information by themselves. This kind of personal experiencing knowledge can not only make the students know more about the society and learn how to study the knowledge, but also cultivate their abilities of analysizing and solving questions and creativity .

科学探究是科学教育的核心，研究性学习把科学探究作为获取知识和认识世界的一种方法，其在教学过程中以问题为载体，创设一种类似科学研究的情境和途径，让学生通过自己收集、分析处理信息来实际感受和体验知识，进而了解社会，学会学习，培养分析问题，解决问题的能力和创造能力。

Guo Guichun, the Chinese expert in scientific realism, considers that different from the argumentation between the former traditional realism and the antirealism, the divarication from the contemporary scientific realism with the antirealism is no longer about whether or not acknowledgement of existed objective world independent from the will of the people, or ontology question and so on in material first nature, but about the acknowledgment of world existence, acknowledgement of the perceptual experience provided for objective world information, acknowledgement of the science as the rational cause, acknowledgement of the progressiveness and success of science, acknowledgement of that under the premise of theory entity playing key role in the cognition process, to understand why the science can obtain success, approach the truth gradually, or the real existence of theory entity, or actuality of the scientific goal, so on in the divarication of significant epistemology .

中国科学实在论研究专家郭贵春认为：与既往的传统实在论与反实在论之争不同，当代科学实在论与反实在论之间的分歧，不再是关于是否承认存在着独立于人心的客观世界，是不是物质第一性等本体论问题上的分歧；而是在承认世界的存在性，承认感性经验(来源：ABba0aC论文网www.abclunwen.com)能为我们提供客观世界的信息，承认科学是一项合乎理性的事业，承认科学的进步性与成功性，承认理论实体在认识过程中能起重要作用的前提下，理解科学为什么会取得成功，为什么会向着逼近真理的方向发展，理论实体是否真的存在，科学的目的究竟是什么等重大认识论上的分歧。

The material and information collected from the cargo transportation planning by the railway department are usually not completed and dissymmetrical.

铁路煤炭运输计划是根据国民经济各部门的生产计划、供应计划和销售计划进行编制的，一个科学的货物运输计划必须建立在科学的货物运输市场预测的基础之上，其中最重要的是货物量预测，但是在预测时收集到的资料和信息等往往不完全和不对称，这些资料和信息恰恰介于白色与黑

The application of scientific principle,which gives greatimpetus to the sc ientific transformation of almost the entire sociallife,seems to know no b ounds thus far,while high-tech revolution withinformation playing a leadin g role is in full sw The transformation from "small science"to "big science" means changing general paradigm of science,and in the change new-type science isgrowly q uie

科学原理的技术运用几乎使全部社会生活科学化，并且这种运用似乎还远无止境，以信息技术为主导的高技术革命在形成之中。20世纪从&小科学&到&大科学&的转变，意味着科学总体范式的变革，并且在这种变革中科学新类型在悄悄滋长。

VRGIS is a virtual reality technology, which can researches geosciences or takes geoscientific system as object, as well as is a rising research branch of GIS recently.

虚拟现实地理信息系统(Virtual Reality Geographic Information System，简称VRGIS)是虚拟现实与地理信息系统相结合的技术，是一种用于研究地球科学的，或以地球科学系统为对象的虚拟现实技术，也是近年来一个新兴的地理信息系统的研究分支。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。