信仰

It's a new research into aboriginality of folk religion in South-East China by a cross-nation-culture beyond Han-nationality's view. The brightness of the article is distinguishing the basic culture of abrigines and the superculture of Han immigrants, and finding the transitional history from aboriginal religion to folk religion in South-East China by the co-research of archeology, history, folklore and anthropology.

东南民间信仰土著性问题的提出突破了汉文化一统演化论的视野，从跨文化的角度考察民间信仰文化，通过考古学、历史学、民俗学、人类学的整合研究，在纷繁复杂的东南民间信仰文化中区分土著越人的基层文化与客来汉人的上层文化，追溯从土著的"万物有灵"和"好巫尚鬼"到东南"汉"人复杂多样的自然崇拜和发达的"救生"神灵的历史过程，理顺其传承与变迁，构建从土著越人原始宗教到东南"汉人"民间信仰历史发展的知识框架。

All of them take to religionary belief in the course of taking deeply attention of being of people.All of them are also find the psychic belief in the road of looking for deity."distress- redeem" became their common spirit belief,all of them were the evangelicalism of literatures at the age of collapses of belief,In the face of distress,they strive to establish exceeding practical distress.

他们都是在对人的存在的深层关注中走向宗教信仰的，都是在自己的神性追寻之路上找回精神信仰的作家，"苦难——救赎"成了他们共同的精神信仰，他们都是对信仰坍塌时代的文学的布道和心灵的施洗，面对生存的苦难，都在真诚地为确立超越现实苦难、拷问生之意义的精神信仰而努力。

As to the new theories about the kind of thing sacraments are, the canons[21] condemn those who say: that there are more or less than seven sacraments instituted by Christ our Lord--baptism, confirmation, the Eucharist, penance, extreme unction, order, marriage--or that any one of these is not truly a sacrament in the full sense of the word; that these sacraments only differ from the sacraments of the Jewish dispensation as one ritual from another; that the sacraments are not a necessity of salvation, but that through faith alone, and without the sacraments at all, man can obtain from God the grace of Justification; that the sacraments were instituted for the purpose of nourishing only faith; that the sacraments do not contain and confer the grace which they signify--as though they were but outward signs of the grace or justice received through faith, badges of Christian profession that mark off the believer from the infidel; that the sacraments do not themselves confer grace by the very activity of the sacrament, but that only faith in the divine promises is sufficient to obtain grace; that all Christians have the power to administer all the sacraments; that any pastor of the Church can change the received and approved rites used by the Church in the solemn administration of the sacraments.

至於新的理论对这种事圣礼是，该炮[ 21 ]谴责那些谁说：有多於或少於7圣礼所建立基督我们的上帝-洗礼，确认，圣体，忏悔，临终，秩序，婚姻-或任何其中之一是没有一个真正的圣礼在充分意义上的；这些圣礼只有不同於圣礼犹太分配作为一个仪式从另一个；的圣礼没有必要救赎，但仅通过信仰，并没有在所有的事，男人可以得到上帝的恩典的理由；的圣礼被提起，目的是滋养只有信仰；的圣礼不包含并赋予它的恩典他们象徵-就像他们的迹象，但外向的恩典或司法收到通过信仰，徽章的基督教界人士说，马克从信徒从异教徒；的圣礼本身并不赋予宽限期的非常活动圣礼（当然opere operato ），但只有信仰的神圣承诺足以获得宽限期；所有基督教徒有权力来管理所有的圣礼；，任何教会牧师可以改变收到并批准使用的仪式在庄严的教堂行政管理圣礼。

During the period of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, worshipping witchcraft and valuing ghost is the important content of Jiangnan folk belief psychology,which,on the behaviour,showed the excessive worship to the god and the ghost.

东晋南朝之际，崇巫尚鬼是江南民间信仰的重要内容，这种信仰心理反映在信仰行为上，出现了对鬼神的淫祀。东晋南朝江南民间信仰研究，有助于揭示这一时期江南民间社会生活的状况。

This thesis argues that the folk belief not only to relate to the state and folk society, but also to be a independent filed from state and folk society. The folk belief needs to get approvement from the state, and also needs to get admition from the folk society. To utilize state and to copy society is a strategy that the belief does get approvement and admition.

文章认为民间信仰既是与国家及民间社会有着紧密联系但同时又相对独立于国家与民间社会的领域，对于国家，民间信仰需要获得其认可，对于民间社会，民间信仰需要获得其承认，征借国家与复制社会即是民间信仰为获致认可与承认而具体运作的策略。

N\nAmongst the Rajputs who remain Hindu, belief is held that each Kshatriya clan descends from one of three lineages: the Agnivanshi borne from the Hindu God of Fire Agni, the Suryavanshi borne from Surya the Hindu God of the Sun, and the Chandravanshi borne from Chandra, the Moon God.

在拉奇普特氏族中，仍保留着信仰印度教的三个氏族：阿耆尼万什氏族信仰印度教中的火神阿耆尼；苏里耶旺希氏族族信仰印度教中的太阳神苏里耶；昌德拉万什氏族信仰印度教中的月亮神昌德拉。

According to Climacus, 'faith' essentially differs from the 'objective system of knowledge'.? Faith can not be confused with knowledge, but it is a special 'organ' of its own power.? Furthermore, gaining Christian faith means an individual shows personal, passionate, and infinite interest in his/her own eternal happiness.? For, after all, faith is subjective; it is the individual's spiritual pursuit and choice."色缘"DG!Sa Gk'Sz

而形成上述观点的根源在于他反对把基督教信仰等同于客观的知识体系，信仰不是知识，信仰是一种自身即具有强力的特殊的&器官&；信仰的达成依靠的是主体充满激情地对于&永恒福祉&的个体性的不懈追求，因为信仰最终只关乎主体个人，它是主体的一种精神追求和选择。

Questionnaire on the Beliefs of University Students contains three dimensions: social belief, supernatural belief and pragmatistic belief, and nine elements: nationalism, political belief, religious belief, diety worship, life worship, money worship, clan worship and family worship.

大学生精神信仰问卷》包括三个维度：社会信仰、超自然信仰和实用信仰，九个因素：民族主义、国家主义、政治信仰、宗教信仰、神灵崇拜、生命崇拜、金钱崇拜、家庭崇拜和家族崇拜。

All of them take to religionary belief in the course of taking deeply attention of being of people.All of them are also find the psychic belief in the road of looking for deity."distress- redeem" became their common spirit belief,all of them were the evangelicalism of literatures at the age of collapses of belief,In the face of distress,they strive to establish exceeding practical distress.

他们都是在对人的存在的深层关注中走向宗教信仰的，都是在自己的神性追寻之路上找回精神信仰的作家，&苦难——救赎&成了他们共同的精神信仰，他们都是对信仰坍塌时代的文学的布道和心灵的施洗，面对生存的苦难，都在真诚地为确立超越现实苦难、拷问生之意义的精神信仰而努力。

Based on the research done by previous scholars, the article dwellsupon the following aspects, with the main thread of the development ofXuantian Heaven Emperor belief: probe into the origin of XuantianHeaven Emperor belief and points out Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief isa product of celestial body worship, animal worship and water worship;discuss the relationship between the Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief andpolitics in the Ming Dynasty and points out the flourishing of XuantianHeaven Emperor belief in the Ming Dynasty results from the promotion bytheir rulers, esp, Emperor Ming Cheng Zhu; probe into the relationshipbetween Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief and civil secret society andtouch upon the influnce of Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief in civil secretsociety; discuss the relation between Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief andliterature and formatire arts, as well as elaborate the mutual influencebetween Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief and formatire arts.

本文在前人研究成果的基础上，以玄天上帝信仰的历史发展为主线，主要探讨了以下几个方面的内容：玄天上帝信仰的由来，指出玄天上帝信仰是天体崇拜、动物崇拜和水崇拜的产物；明代玄天上帝信仰与政治的关系，认为明代玄天上帝信仰之所以兴盛的原因在于明代统治者，特别是明成祖对玄天上帝的推崇；玄天上帝信仰与民间秘密社会的关系，初步探讨了玄天上帝信仰在民间秘密社会中的影响力；玄天上帝信仰与文学、造型艺术的关系，从文学与造型艺术两个方面，阐明玄天上帝信仰与文学、造型艺术之间存在着互动影响的关系。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了