保险

Insurance contract is aleatory contract, because whether insurer has the obligation to pay insurance benefit or not and the exact number of it all depend on whether insurance accident occurs or not and the degree of damage. Therefore, applicant can obtain huge amount of insurance benefit when insurance accident occurs, but on the contrary, applicant lose premiums when insurance accident does not occur.

保险合同是射幸合同，这是由于保险人是否负有保险金的给付义务以及应为给付时的具体数额的多少取决于保险事故是否发生及其损害的大小，因此对投保人而言，在保险事故发生时将获得巨额保险金；反之，在保险事故不发生时，投保人即丧失保险费。

Social insurance includes old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance,work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance .

社会保险包括养老保险，失业保险，医疗保险，工伤保险和生育保险。

At present, Beijing has been the establishment of basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance, including the social security system.

目前，北京市已建立包括基本养老保险、基本医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险等在内的社保体系。

Chapter one of this text has recommended the foreign insurance to apply financial economy to the products pricing method of insurance company, but these methods have not explained how to determine the fair premium of the multiple-line insurance company .In order to solve many business line insurance company pricing problem, chapter two introduce an very important model in insurance company capital allocation field - MR capital allocation model, through deriving capital allocation formula and simulation analysis indicate MR model allocate multiple- line insurance company capital scientifically. In order to apply MR model to non-life insurance pricing, chapter three will extend MR model to introduce loss 3 and layer P . Since the premise of MR model is a certain market price of loss, the chapter four will use the risk-neutral probability transformation technique to get the market value of loss. Under lognormal distribution, we will use location parameter shift and proportional PH transformation to illuminate the technique. The final chapter combines the prior sections result to deduce out the fair premium formula, and apply it to price the catastrophe insurance.

本文的第一章介绍了国外保险业将财务经济学应用到保险公司产品定价的方法，但是这些方法都没有说明如何确定多业务线保险公司的公平保费；为了解决多业务线保险公司定价问题，第二章引入保险公司资本配置领域非常重要的一个模型—MR资本配置模型，通过推导资本配置公式及模拟分析表明MR模型科学地配置了多业务线公司的资本；为了将MR模型应用到非寿险公司的定价中去第三章扩展了MR模型，引入了损失β和层β的概念：由于MR模型的前提条件是有一个确定的损失市场价值，第四章利用风险中性转化方法获得损失的市场价值，在损失为对数正态分布的条件下，通过位置参数转化和比例危险转化方法给出了实例说明；第五章结合前几章的结果给出非寿险公司公平保费的定价公式，并运用它给出了巨灾保险价格的模拟分析。

PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited Linyi Branch is a secondary branch company of PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited. Its a property insurance company with the longest history, the best credit, the broadest business field and the solidest strength in property insurance market of Linyi City.

中国人民财产保险股份有限公司临沂市分公司是中国人民财产保险股份有限公司的二级分支机构，是临沂市财产保险市场历史最悠久、信誉度最高、业务领域最广、实力最雄厚的财产保险公司，目前占据临沂财产保险市场60％以上的市场份额。

Insurance companies offer a wide range of products including life, health, property and liability insurance.

保险公司提供的保险业务范围很广，包括人寿保险，健康保险，财产保险和责任保险等。

China Pacific Insurance Company was incorporated in Shanghai on April 26, 1991 as the first nationwide joint stock commercial insurance company in China.Approved by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the company was renamed "China Pacific Insurance Co., Ltd" on October 24, 2001 and divided into two controlled divisions, China Pacific Property Insurance Co., Ltd and China Pacific Life Insurance Co., Ltd. With more than 1100 branches and offices in major cities across China, the two divisions have formed well-established insurance service networks. Besides, the new company invested in setting up China Pacific Services Inc in the US, China Pacific Insurance H.K.

中国太平洋保险公司1991年4月26日在上海正式开业，是中国第一家全国性的股份制商业保险公司。2001年10月24日经国家工商行政管理总局批准，公司正式更名为&中国太平洋保险股份有限公司&，公司在国内控股投资设立中国太平洋财产保险股份有限公司和中国太平洋人寿保险股份有限公司，产、寿险公司在国内主要城市设有1100多个分支机构，拥有较为完善的保险服务网络。

Based on the research of the medical security systems in seventeen typical countries, this dissertation concludes that all systems are composed of the following five models, namely social medical aid, social medical insurance, national health services, market-oriented medical insurance and individual saving medical security. These five models could be further divided into three types, i. e. public benefit type (including social medical aid model and national health services model), insurance type (including social medical insurance model and market oriented medical insurance model) and self-security type (individual saving medical security).

在对17个案例国家和地区医疗保障制度体系分析研究的基础上，本文归纳出了构成各国医疗保障制度体系的最基本的制度单元——五种制度模式，即社会医疗救助制度模式、社会医疗保险制度模式、国家卫生服务保障制度模式、市场医疗保险制度模式、个人储蓄医疗保障制度模式，并将这五种制度模式进一步归并为福利型(社会医疗救助制度模式和国家卫生服务保障制度模式)、保险型(社会医疗保险制度模式和市场医疗保险制度模式)、自保型(个人储蓄医疗保障制度模式)三种体制类型。

3 A fuseholder or circuit breaker provided as a part of an appliance shall be acceptable for the particular application and shall not be accessible from the outside of the appliance without opening a door or cover, except that the operating handle of a circuit breaker may project outside of the enclosure. A fuseholder shall be so installed that no uninsulated live parts other than the screw shell or clips of the fuseholder are exposed to contact by a person removing or replacing a fuse.

18.3保险盒或电路断路器作为电器的一个零件可被特殊电器所接受，并在电器上的门或盖未打开的情况下，除了电路断路器的操作手柄伸出了外壳，都不能接触到保险盒或电路断路器，保险盒装好，若更换或取走保险时，除了螺钉盖及保险夹可同人体接触之外，不能有其它的导电活动件裸露同人体接触。

Due to China's immense growth potential and its rapidly developing insurance market, ERGO has identified China as one of its target markets and is now striving to enter the Chinese primary insurance market via a life insurance joint venture.

作为安顾保险集团的绝对大股东，慕尼黑再保险集团在中国再保险市场的经营活动已经超过了50年，而其旗下的原保险集团？？安顾保险集团在上世纪90年代亦将中国作为未来的主要海外市场之一。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。