保持力

The results showed that although 2n pollens had a certain germinatingability,the germinating process of natural and artificia 2n pollens was tardier than that of1n pollens,and 2n pollens had weaker competition in mixed pollination than 1nbreeding practice.

应用这种方法对2n花粉生命力和发育情况进行测定观察发现，尽管2n花粉保持有一定的萌发力，但与1n花粉相比，天然和人工2n花粉的发育进程均较迟缓，在参与授精的竞争中处于劣势，这也正是育种中三倍体得率低的根本原因。

With the harmony between vertical and lateral deformation of long rail components taken into account, a transition locking structure for large expansion volume, an ending structure of the switch, a nose rail that both transfers longitudinal force efficiently and maintains turnout regularity, and a fastener system suitable for both ballast and ballastless track were developed to solve the transition choking problem of jointless turnout.

为解决无缝道岔转换卡阻问题，在考虑长大轨件纵横向协调变形的基础上，研发了适应大伸缩量的转换锁闭机构、既可有效传递纵向力又可保持道岔平顺性的尖轨及心轨跟端结构和适用于有砟和无砟轨道基础的扣件系统。

On the base of keeping the same law of motion of original thread-taking-up pole of computerized embroidery machine and relevant sizes,the disc cam with pushing bar of roller of linear motion along the axis with the spring force closure is used to design a new thread-taking-up mechanism .

保持原有电脑刺绣机挑线杆运动规律和相关尺寸不变，采用对心直动滚子推杆盘形凸轮机构，辅以弹簧力进行锁合，对原挑线机构进行了创新设计

A washer has a body having an axis and provided with a first bearing face surface located at one axial side and adapted to cooperate with a nut, a second bearing face surface located at an opposite axial side and adapted to cooperate with an object, at least one third turning resistant surface adapted to cooperate with a thread of the bolt, the body having at least one resistive point arranged so that when the nut is turned and turns the bolt the body of the washer stops the bolt from turning and thereby the nut creates a pull on the bolt which elongates the bolt in an axial direction and applies to the body of the washer an axial force which overcomes the at least one resistive point so that a portion of the body of the washer is allowed to be pulled axially when the bolt elongates.

一种放在螺帽与物体之间的垫圈，螺帽与螺栓螺纹连接，螺栓插入在包括两个装配的部件的物体内，垫圈具有主体，和设有第一支承面表面，位于一个轴向侧面和与螺帽配合，第二支承面表面，位于相对的轴向侧面和与物体配合，以及至少一个第三转动阻力表面，与螺栓的螺纹配合，从而使螺帽以给定的扭矩在一个方向转动同时垫圈的主体沿相对方向接收给定的力时，仅有螺帽转动，以紧固或松开螺栓，而垫圈的主体和螺栓保持静止。

The grip force of the collet chuck should be kept above the recommended value of the spindle maker when using this series (The general standard is 7.60kg/cm ).

使用该系列钻头进行加工时，夹头的夹紧力应保持在钻轴生产商推荐值以上(通用标准为7.60KG/CM)。

Regulation by the side of the block-pressed support, so that the supporting block to maintain good contact with the workpiece: by regulating the extension units in the handle, change or reduce the concentration of cutting lathe and extension units in the large gap between the extension units: in order to break them down.

可通过调节上侧支承块的压紧力，使支承块与工件保持良好接触：通过调节中拖板手柄，改变切削浓度或减少车床大拖板和中拖板间的间隙：从而加以消除。

Bold and friendly. Athletic and clever. At work he is a game hunter, tenacious, courageous, and single minded. At home he is playful, exuberant and overwhelmingly affectionate.

作为一种工作梗，其必须具备下列特征：身手敏捷、警惕和自信；体长和肩高保持平衡；中等体型和骨量，有爆发力和耐久力。

The so-called plasticity seal, the seal is the sealing surface pressure is equal Sealing than the soft material yield limit, so that Pressure sealing globe valve joint surface in close contact, use the plastic deformation of soft materials, blockage hardware uneven surface, giving rise to approximate the ideal plane, and produce equivalent soft material yield limit of the reaction and remain sealed.

所谓塑性法密封，就是密封面的密封比压等于密封副软材料的屈服极限，使结合面紧密接触，利用软材料的塑变而堵塞硬件表面的不平处，形成近似理想平面，并产生等于软材料屈服极限的反力而保持密封。

The paper used the method of paper papilioform in the microbiology to determine the antimicrobial cycle diameter of the mixed preservaties of different formul as that are composed of natural extraction with antimicrobial action, humectants, emulsifjers, preservatires and acidity regulators, and that of single preservative. The mixed formulas with strong antimicrbial power and big antibiogram were elected.

采用微生物学中的纸蝶法，、测定由具有抗菌作用的天然抽提物、水分保持剂、乳化剂、防腐剂以及酸度调节剂组成的不同配方的复配型防腐剂与单一型防腐剂的抑菌圈直径，筛选出抗菌力强、抗菌谱广的复配型配方。

To make a comprehensive view of metapopulation researches, we folly analyze and summarize the present concepts, theories and models of metapopulation in this paper, which primarily includes the dynamical models and simulation approaches of single and competitive metapopulations. Based on the Levin's patch occupant model, the center framework of metapopulation researches, primary principles and mechanisms are discussed. First, Levins rule: the fraction of empty patch will remain constant with habitat destruction as long as metapopulation survives. This rule implies that empty patches have determinant effects on persistence and conservation. Second. Allee effect of metapopulation is incurred by establishing difficulties and dispersal costs, which is important to the studies of reserve area and the minimum available metapopulation size. Third, we analyze the rescue effect that immigrants can reduce the extinction risk of the presented local population. Rescue effect can leads to the improvement of metapopulation sustainability and the decrease of fraction of empty patches. Fourth, the coexistence mechanism of two competing metapopulation is discussed, which suggests that competition-colonization trade off may be prevalent in competing systems. Finally, extinction debt ob tamed from coexistence mechanism is given, which depicts the lost of species richness in the future for the current habitat destruction. After theoretical discussion, we present two popular simulated approaches in metapopulations: probability transition model and stochastic process model.

为了能总观集合种群进展的全局并开展进一步的工作，首先对集合种群的已有概念、理论和模型做了全面的分析和总结；其次对集合种群的发展和概念进行了探讨，以集合种群模型的中心框架：Levins的斑块占据模型为基础，展开对其它原理、效应和机制的探讨；主要包括了Levins原理，即当生境进到破坏时，空斑块比例在集合种群灭绝前保持不变，然后还分析了Allee效应（集合种群的Allee效应主要是由于建群困难和扩散损失造成的）；第三，分析了援救效应：迁人个体可以降低斑块中现有局域种群的灭绝风险，援救效应会增强集合种群的生存力，使空斑块比例下降第四，探讨了两竞争集合种群的共存机制，即竞争－侵占妥协，其共存机制为空间生境中物种共存提供了有力的理论解释。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。