俄国

China is expanding and upgrading its submarine fleet with the purchase of four Russian KILO Class attack submarines.

中国正在通过购买四艘俄国基洛级攻击潜艇，扩充并且更新其潜艇舰队。

Krill do not end up on plates in restaurants, except perhaps in Japan or Russia, but they are increasingly in demand for their fatty acids, for their enzymes, for feeding to farmed fish, especially to give the flesh of salmon a pink appearance, and for use as fish meal.

磷虾一般不是在餐馆里供食用，除非可能是在日本和俄国，但是它们的需求量正越来越大，是为了得到它们的脂肪酸和酶，喂饲养的鱼，特别是使鲑鱼肉变得外观粉红，并且用作鱼粉。

Russian formalists argue against the trend of content is essential.

&陌生化&是俄国形式主义重要的核心概念。

Formalists research on the definition, structure, plot , ending and narration of short story is unprecedented and it has realistic significance.

俄国形式主义者关于短篇小说的定义、结构、情节、结尾和叙事手法等方面的研究前所未有且具有现实意义。

The Formalists emerged in Russia in the years before the 1917 Bolshevik revolution, and flourished throughout the 1920s.

这些形式主义者发轫于俄国1917年布尔什维克革命之前几年，活跃于整个二十年代。

For Russian Formalists, foregrounding means giving unusual prominence to one element or property of a text, relative to other less noticeable aspects.

&前景化&这一概念源于俄国的形式主义，它指的是不同寻常地运用某种手段来突出某一文本的一个元素或特质。

Eduard Hanslick was a major late nineteenth century musical formalist; the Russian Formalists in the early years of the revolution, and the French Structuralists later, promoted the same interest in Literature.

爱德华·汉斯立克是19世纪晚期的一位重要的音乐上的形式主义者；革命前的俄国形式主义者、后来的法国结构主义者，在文学里倡导的是同样的事情。

Nowadays the concept of defamiliarization,which was formerly one of the core concepts valued by the Russian formalists in literature theory,has been transplanted into the translation studies.

陌生化本为俄国形式主义学派核心文论概念，现已移用于翻译研究领域，但因翻译特有的跨文化性、双重文本性及类似概念混淆，译界对此概念的界定仍存在分歧，有待规范。

He thought that "literariness" also enabled a work to be a literary work Russian formalists understood "literariness" from the form linguistics and pay attention to the form and skill of a work.

俄国形式主义对&文学性&的认识是从形式语言学出发，关注作品的形式和技巧，利用文学的&陌生化&，通过语言形式的强化、重叠、颠倒、浓缩、扭曲、延缓等方式，打破文学语言的正常节奏、韵律和构成，摆脱语言的&自动化&，使其与人们熟悉的语言形式相疏理相错位，并且进一步将&陌生化&运用到文学作品的形式，产生耳目一新的感觉；英美新批评派则从文本语义结构上所体现出来的多层次、多意义的朦胧性特征来探讨&文学性&；到了结构主义那里，他们主要强调在整体结构系统中来把握文学文本，突破了形式主义和新批评专注于具体作品分析的局限，通过具体作品去发现背后普遍的结构模式，同时也正是在对具有普遍意义的抽象结构的关注，使其进一步了认识&文学性&。

C ompared with the narrow understanding of the literature held by the formalists i n Russia, Bakhtin has placed the literature at a higher level — the whole art w orld of the art work.

巴赫金超越俄国形式主义者对&文学性&的狭隘理解，将其引向一个更高的层次，即艺术作品整体的艺术世界。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。