侵犯

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI manifestations of oral carcinoma,and to evaluate the value of imaging technologies in the diagnosis of oral carcinoma,thus to explore the most reasonable imaging method Methods 46 cases with oral carcinoma,proved by surgery and pathology （2 lip tumors,8 carcinomas of the gingival ridge,5 carcinomas of the buccal mucosa,24 tongue carcinomas,5 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth,2 tumors of the hard palate）,were analysed retrospectively32 cases were examined with CT and 14 cases with MRIImaging presentations were compared with surgery and pathology Results Of the 46 cases with oral carcinoma,22 were ulcerative lesion of infiltrative growth,24 were masslike lesion of extruded trowthOf the 32 cases examined with CT scan,27 were detected,5 were missed,the 4 missed cases were confirmed to be superficial ulcers by surgery and pathologyOf the 10 cases with bone destruction examined with CT scan,8 were manifested,2 were missedAnd of the 14 cases with MRI scan,all 14 were detected Conclusion CT and MRI scan are valuable for diagnosis of oral carcinomasThey can manifest the morphology and size of primary tumor,contiguous structures,bone invasion and cervical lymph node metastasisMRI is the optimal imaging method for superficial ulcerative lesion of infiltratibe growth

徐 锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探索合理的影像学检查方法。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的口腔癌46例（唇癌2例，牙龈癌8例，颊黏膜癌5例，舌癌24例，口底癌5例，硬腭癌2例），其中32例行CT扫描，14例行MRI扫描，将影像表现与手术所见及病理结果进行对照分析。结果 46例口腔癌中，呈浸润性生长的溃疡型病变22例，外生性生长的肿物型病变24例。CT扫描32例，明确显示病变27例，遗漏病变5例，其中4例为表浅溃疡型病变。CT扫描病例中，10例有骨质侵犯，CT扫描准确评价8例，遗漏2例。MRI扫描14例，均准确评价肿瘤及其与周围结构的关系。结论 CT、MRI对口腔癌原发肿瘤的形态、大小、周围结构侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移的评价有重要价值。对于较小及呈浸润性生长的表浅溃疡型肿瘤，CT扫描尤其是CT平扫难以准确显示，应首选MRI。

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI manifestations of oral carcinoma,and to evaluate the value of imaging technologies in the diagnosis of oral carcinoma,thus to explore the most reasonable imaging method Methods 46 cases with oral carcinoma,proved by surgery and pathology （2 lip tumors,8 carcinomas of the gingival ridge,5 carcinomas of the buccal mucosa,24 tongue carcinomas,5 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth,2 tumors of the hard palate）,were analysed retrospectively32 cases were examined with CT and 14 cases with MRIImaging presentations were compared with surgery and pathology Results Of the 46 cases with oral carcinoma,22 were ulcerative lesion of infiltrative growth,24 were masslike lesion of extruded trowthOf the 32 cases examined with CT scan,27 were detected,5 were missed,the 4 missed cases were confirmed to be superficial ulcers by surgery and pathologyOf the 10 cases with bone destruction examined with CT scan,8 were manifested,2 were missedAnd of the 14 cases with MRI scan,all 14 were detected Conclusion CT and MRI scan are valuable for diagnosis of oral carcinomasThey can manifest the morphology and size of primary tumor,contiguous structures,bone invasion and cervical lymph node metastasisMRI is the optimal imaging method for superficial ulcerative lesion of infiltratibe growth

中华硕博网核心提示：徐锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武关键词：口腔肿瘤目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探徐锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探索合理的影像学检查方法。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的口腔癌46例（唇癌2例，牙龈癌8例，颊黏膜癌5例，舌癌24例，口底癌5例，硬腭癌2例），其中32例行CT扫描，14例行MRI扫描，将影像表现与手术所见及病理结果进行对照分析。结果46例口腔癌中，呈浸润性生长的溃疡型病变22例，外生性生长的肿物型病变24例。CT扫描32例，明确显示病变27例，遗漏病变5例，其中4例为表浅溃疡型病变。CT扫描病例中，10例有骨质侵犯，CT扫描准确评价8例，遗漏2例。MRI扫描14例，均准确评价肿瘤及其与四周结构的关系。结论 CT、MRI对口腔癌原发肿瘤的形态、大小、四周结构侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移的评价有重要价值。对于较小及呈浸润性生长的表浅溃疡型肿瘤，CT扫描尤其是CT平扫难以准确显示，应首选MRI。

The percentage of different organ involvements in these patients is 60% of nephropathy, 37% of arthritis, 48% of mucocutaneous lesions, 11% of CNS involvements, and 38% of fever.

关节炎则在37%的病人上呈现，而皮肤炎及黏膜侵犯则可在48%的病人身上发现，中枢神经侵犯则有11%，另外有38%的病人一开始会以发烧来表现。实验室数据的异常，包含在所有病人中有93.4%病人抗核抗体呈阳性反应，而抗双股去氧核糖核酸抗体制则有81.9%为阳性。

Firstly, eleven cases with empyema of the gallbladder, biliary sludge, chronic cholecystitis, polypoid cholesterolosis, papilloma of the gallbladder or pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma were misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma.

在2例伪阴性例中，1例之癌症只有胆囊粘膜上的轻微变化可见，幷只侵犯少许肌肉层，另1例则为全部胆囊壁都是癌肿瘤，且侵犯至总胆管及淋巴腺。

The pathological report showed that cholangiocarcinoma had infringement left and right hepatic duct as well as lobus quadratus hepatis, lymph node of hilar and head of pancreas were metastasized, but the resection part of stomach and duodenum showed no carcinoma invading.

移植后病理报告为中、低分化性肝门部胆管癌侵犯左、右肝管并肝方叶，肝门部及胰头后淋巴结有转移，胰头、十二指肠及切除之部分胃未见癌侵犯。

Rhinoscleroma arising from nasal cavity showed the destruction of middle and inferior turbinates in ...

鼻窦硬结病表现为窦腔充以不规则软组织肿块影，相应处窦壁骨质破坏，同时伴周围骨质硬化，3例均侵犯翼腭窝，2例侵犯眼眶及颅内。

And these may be reduced to three principal or primary articles; the right of personal security, the right of personal liberty, and the right of private property: Because as there is no other known method of compulsion, or of abridging man's natural free will, but by an infringement or diminution of one or other of these important rights, the preservation of these, inviolate, may justly be said to include the preservation of our civil immunities in their largest and most extensive sense.

这些权利可以简化为主要或初始的三条；人身保障权利，人身自由权利，以及私有财产权利：因为除了侵犯或缩减这人或那人的这些重要权利之外，不知道还有什么方式可以强迫或缩减一个人的自然的自由意志，保护这些权利免于被侵犯，可以说便包括了在最大和最广泛的意义上对我们的世俗豁免权利的保护。

According to ensurence system, judicial remedy is applied to strike illegal activities of aggrieving public, collective and national interest.

若受到侵犯，又有相关的制度为保障机制，对此进行司法救济，打击侵犯国家利益、集体利益、公共利益的违法行为。

Concerning the relationship between the person and society, Locke is egoism, the personal right is not violated, private property is protected by laws. Mill empathizes the greatest happiness principle, tries to coordinate the relationship between person and society. Berlin guards the negative liberty which is the personal right and liberty is not violated, at the same time he empathizes that person belongs to definite history, culture, race and nationalities, therefore he empathizes person's social and historical factors are different from liberalism egoism.

6，在个人与社会的关系问题上，洛克强调个人的权利神圣不可侵犯、私有财产受法律的保护的个人主义，密尔强调最大多数人的最大幸福，力图协调个人与社会的关系，伯林对消极自由的维护，对个人自由和权利的不得侵犯，这是对个人主义的权利的保护问题；另一方面，他又认为人是附属于一定的历史、文化、种族和民族中的，因此更多地关注人的社会历史的因素，和单纯的个人主义的自由主义有所不同。

The excretory MRU show that:(1)The ureter invasioned by colon carcinoma showed : 7 ureters gradually irregular constriction, 3 showed abruptly narrow or interrupt; 8 ureters were encysted partly by neoplasm and 2 were completely, 2 ureters showed inter-cavity filling defect.(2)pelvis and bladder invasioned by tumor showed local vessel wall thickening, the interspace with the tumor was disappearance, or inter-cavity filling defect.

排泄性MRU表现：(1)侵犯输尿管表现为管腔不规则逐渐变狭窄7例，突然狭窄、截断3例，肿瘤部分包绕输尿管8例，完全包绕2例，腔内充盈缺损2例；(2)侵犯肾盂、膀胱均表现为局部管壁增厚，与肿瘤间隙消失，腔内充盈缺损。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。