侵害

At last, we analyzed the responsibility form in law of infracting the right of goodwill and the suited rule of it. And analyzed the character of the suited rule of the hurt and atonement responsibility, i.e. we must pay attention to the lost of goodwill as an intangible assets. We also give the way to calculate the lost of goodwill.

最后分析了侵害商誉权的法律责任方式及法律责任的具体适用规则，着重分析了损害赔偿责任适用上的特点，即应兼顾对商誉作为无形财产的损失的赔偿，还分析了商誉损失的计算方法。

Judicatory actualization of constitution includes two aspects: first, judicature censor to law, statute and decision, order of sanction at larger which infracting the constitution; second , on the condition of lacking common law and of people' s basic right be infracted, applying constitution criterion to judge.

宪法司法化具体包括两方面内涵：一是对法律、法规以及具有普遍约束力的决定和命令进行违宪的司法审查；二是在公民基本权利受到侵害而普通法律缺位的情况下提起宪法诉讼，并在具体案件中适用宪法规范作判决。

In this paper,the author deals with the following:Firstly,beginning with the introduction of the connotation of animal welfare,the author elaborates the serious phenomenon of infracting animal welfare,which existed in our current animal welfare protection through fully analyzing and studying ethical basis,religious foundation,philosophy infrastructure of animal welfare.

本研究从介绍动物福利的内涵入手，在充分分析了动物福利问题研究的伦理基础、宗教基础、哲学等基础之后，详尽阐述了我国目前动物福利中存在的比较严重的侵害动物福利的现象，进而分析其原因和障碍性因素，从多方面、多角度得出结论，认为中国已经到了必须给予动物福利的时期。

Judicatory actualization of constitution includes two asp ects: first, judicature censor to law, statute and decision, order of sanction at larger which infracting the constitution; second , on the condition of lacking common law and of people' s basic right be infracted, applying constitution criterion to judge.

宪法司法化具体包括两方面内涵：一是对法律、法规以及具有普遍约束力的决定和命令进行违宪的司法审查；二是在公民基本权利受到侵害而普通法律缺位的情况下提起宪法诉讼，并在具体案件中适用宪法规范作判决。宪法司法化最早产生并发展于西方国家。我国至今未能实现宪法的司法化，究其原因，观念偏差和制度延误是两个主要方面。

The main conclusions are: [1] Rapid development of corporations engenders urgent demand of financing, conflict between capital market imperfection and demand of financing leads corporations to control listed corporations by purchasing "shell" and enhance it"s financing capability; [2] Two kinds of pricing institution of stock provides stirpses for controlling listed corporations by low cost, monitoring institution imperfections provides corporations for operating listed corporations. Adjust of national assets provides more "shells; [3] More private corporations purchase listed corporations, some of them form stirpses; [4] Stirpses have positive influence about adjusting industry and enhancing capital market financing function; [5] Stirpses magnify financial risk by controlling listed corporations, and transform listed corporations from shareholders benefit to block shareholder benefit, having tendency of infracting shareholders benefit.

本文主要的结论：[1]中国企业的迅速发展对融资有迫切的要求，中国国内资本市场发展不完善与这种强烈的融资需求的冲突导致了企业寻求通过买&壳&的方式控制上市公司，以此来提高自身的融资能力；[2]中国上市公司股票的两种定价机制为&系&低成本控制上市公司提供了可能，监管机制的不完善为&系&提供了操纵上市公司的空间，国有资产在调整过程中从部分竞争行业退出，为资本市场提供了一定数量的&壳&资源；[3]民营企业纷纷买&壳&上市，在这个过程中，部分实力突出的企业形成了&系&；[4]&系&现象对进行行业整合、提高资本市场融资能力等方面起到了积极的作用；[5]&系&通过对上市公司进行的操纵放大了金融风险，将上市公司的股东利益最大化变为大股东利益最大化，存在着侵害小股东利益的潜在倾向。

On the other hand, the rule of purchasing the land infracts the interest of the farmers. In this chapter, we will discuss in detail about how to improve the rule of land acquisition, how to give the compensation to the farmer whose land have been purchased, and how to solve the problems of employment and social security.

此外，由于目前我国的征地制度对农民权益的侵害严重，因此，如何进一步完善征地制度、对被征地农民进行合理补偿以及妥善解决补偿之外的就业与社会保障等问题成为本章探讨的内容。

The phenomenon that large shareholder infracts small shareholders is ubiquity. Ownershipstructure, especially a high centralization of controlling rights in our country, determines agencyconflict between big shareholder and medium and small shareholder, which may affect corporateperformance.

我国上市公司普遍存在大股东侵害小股东的现象，公司的股权结构，特别是控股权的高度集中决定了我国上市公司的主要代理问题是大股东与中小股东之间的代理冲突，进而可能影响到公司绩效。

Market manipulation makes securities price lapse from its value, influences capital freely floating, infracts the benefit of investors, and demolish the order of securities market.

证券市场操纵行为使证券价格与价值相背离，影响了资本的自由流动，侵害了投资者的利益，破坏了证券市场秩序，使证券市场资本优化功能得不到实现，也违反了&公开、公平、公正&原则。研究表明，美国20世纪30年代证券市场崩溃的原因之一就是市场操纵。

And it's legal to protect our rights and interests as consumers not to be infringed.

维护自身的权利不被侵害，不仅是合法的，也是有利于促进社会的进步的。

He charged that they had infringed his copyright .

他控告他们侵害他的版权。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！