侧片

WT5"HZMethod [WT5"BZ]The cephalogram of 18 untreated growing children were studied with the method of mandibular structural superimposition.

在 10岁和 13岁分别拍摄X线头颅侧位片，对每名儿童的前后两张头颅侧位片运用下颌结构重叠法进行研究。

Methods Seventy-two knees in patients with chondromalacia patellae or osteoarthrosis of the patellofemoraljoint were measured using Insall - Salvati and Merchat methods on radiographs of the lateral and axial views in 0of flexion.

方法收集临床诊断为髌骨软骨软化或髌股关节骨性关节病的成年患者例，共计7侧膝关节。摄屈膝 0侧位片和髌骨轴位片，进行Insall－Salvati和Merchat测量，并与对照组进行比较。

Tracheal-intubation with mechanical ventilation was done, Chest X-ray was also taken and compared with previous picture revealed bilateral lung marking with pulmonary congestion and bilateral costophrenic angle blunting.

立即插管并使用呼吸器做呼吸的支持，且拍摄胸腔X光片。相较於手术前的X光片，双侧肺野的肺纹增加，肺区充血，和双侧肋膈角变钝。

Once the rods are inserted, the lordotic alignment of the spine should be checked with theintraoperative lateral x-ray or image view, and compared to the preoperative lateral standing view.

植入棒后，应该通过术中侧位X线片或其他影像监视检查脊柱的前凸弧度并和术前站立位侧位片比

BACKGROUND: Many clinical studies have demonstrated that pseudoarthrosis formation after thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture is often assessed using lateral films.

摘要背景：许多临床研究阐述了胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折后应用常规侧位片来评定是否有假关节形成，作者所查应用仰卧或俯卧侧位X射线片来诊断椎体真空征的文献较少。

Results Irregular symmetrical sheets of lesions with low density around bilateral ventricles were seen in all patients and 62 cases around the front horns, 53 cases retral horns and 38 cases beside the ventricles.

结果 ：72例患者 CT平扫均见双侧侧脑室前后角及体部旁或半卵圆中心区脑白质大小不等斑片状不规则的大致对称的低密度影，发生在侧脑室前角周围 6 2例，后角周围 5 3例，侧脑室体旁 38例，半卵圆区 19例，伴有腔隙性脑梗死 4 1例。

Results Of 60 cases,55 cases were unilateral,5 cases was bilateral.25 cases of cerebral flax subdural hematomas presented as strip-shaped,10cases presented as little-belt shaped,4 bilateral cases through MRI presented as U-shaped,7 cases of cerebellar tentorium hematomas presented as flakes,5 cases presented as fan-shaped.

结果 60例中发生于单侧55例，双侧5例；大脑镰硬膜下血肿25例表现为条索状，10例呈小带状，发生于两侧4例，MRI表现为双轨征，小脑幕下血肿7例呈片状，5例呈扇形，MRI表现为片带状高信号影，小脑幕并大脑镰硬膜下血肿6例呈&Y&形，3例呈镰刀状。

Results Of 60 cases,55 cases were unilateral,5 cases was bilateral.25 cases of cerebral flax subdural hematomas presented as strip-shaped,10cases presented as little-belt shaped,4 bilateral cases through MRI presented as U-shaped,7 cases of cerebellar tentorium hematomas presented as flakes,5 cases presented as fan-shaped.

结果 60例中发生于单侧55例，双侧5例；大脑镰硬膜下血肿25例表现条索状，10例呈小带状，发生于两侧4例，MRI表现为双轨征，小脑幕下血肿7例呈片状，5例呈扇形，MRI表现为片带状高信号影，小脑幕并大脑镰硬膜下血肿6例呈&Y&形，3例呈镰刀状。

Methods On same oral therapy condition,the patients in control groupwere given commmon thoracocentesis on twice a week,the patients in experimental groupwere treated by thoracic tube intubation with veinal catheter.After drainage within3days,the pleural cavity of the paˉtients in group E were injected with the compound of sodium hyaluranate,sodium carboxymethylcellulose and butyltriˉamcinolone.The patients of two groups were examined by X-ray after6months.According to the database of normal crowd chest X-ray photograph,the area of patient's photograph was drawn.The value of average gray scale in the area was gathered by image analysis system and to be compared with the value of normal side,so the gray ratio was got after correction.

在口服给药条件一致的前提下，对照组患者沿用常规每周2次间断抽液的方法；实验组采用静脉留置针持续引流的方法，3日内将胸液引流尽后注入由透明质酸钠、羧甲基纤维及丁基去炎松组成的可吸收生物活性凝胶。6个月后行胸片检查，图像分析系统根据正常人群胸片同侧拟合区域采集平均灰度值并与健侧相比，经校正后得灰度比。

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。