侦查

A common misconception about a crime analyst's job, is that they go out to crime scenes to investigate; That is the job of a criminalist , to collect forensic evidence, or detective who investigates crimes.

关于犯罪分析人员的工作的一种误解就是，许多人认为犯罪分析人员的工作是赶赴犯罪现场、从事侦查；其实，赶赴犯罪现场、从事侦查是侦查人员的工作；因为收集犯罪证据、查缉犯罪人都属于侦查人员职责。

The article attaches importance to the study on fundamental issues of cooperation in criminal investigation in order to enrich and develop the basic theory of criminalistics and guild the practice of enactment and judicature cooperation in criminal investigation.

本文从完善我国公安机关侦查协作的宗旨出发，对侦查协作的基本问题展开研究，以期有助于丰富和发展侦查学的基本理论，指导侦查协作立法、司法实践。

The military investigation system is the total rule concerned with the nature, duty, organization, active principles and work regulations of the investigation which guided by the national and military law. It is a special part of the national criminal investigation system and the content that criminalistics should research too.

军队刑事侦查制度是指由国家法律和有关军事法规规定的，军队刑事侦查机关的性质、任务、组织体系、活动原则及具体工作规则等方面规范的总称，它是国家刑事侦查制度的一个特殊组成部分，也是刑事侦查学研究的内容之一。

The Temptation investigation is a special investigation.Because it has some special characteristics as initiative, enticement fraudulence and so on, it has a unique value of improving investigation efficiency and the realizing of investigation purposes in the judicial practice.

诱惑侦查作为一种特殊的侦查手段，由于其具有的相对主动性、诱惑欺骗性等特征，司法实践中在提高侦查效率和实现侦查目的方面有着独特的现实价值。

To compare with the investigating judge system in Germany, there are some problems in the court system in the criminal investigating procedure in Taiwan. For a court to command a coercive means in the criminal investigating procedure, the legal rules in our Criminal Procedure Law are insufficient. Therefore, the jurisdiction of the court and the process in jurisdictional dispute in the criminal investigating procedure are not clear and definite. The organization of the court in the criminal investigating procedure still is an issue. Also, the order of the authority distribution is not formed yet in our criminal investigating procedure. The limits of authority of the court are indefinite. Even on the form of the court's decision and the grievance procedure, there are different opinions in practice and theory.

就我国侦查中法院之运作而言，对於侦查程序中强制处分及证据保全之权限分配，我国刑事诉讼制度其实亦不乏明文规定，但是，在侦查法官之引进空间下，检视我国侦查程序之现况，可以发现，就强制处分之监督功能而言，由於现行法在制度面上规范之不足，我国侦查中法院之运作，对於其管辖权之划分标准及管辖权错误之处理，产生法律适用之疑虑；法院组织之方式及法院事务分配规则之适用上发生争议；而对於侦查权限之分配，亦存在著法官保留范围狭隘及法院审查权限不明确之问题；甚至，对於侦查中法院之裁判形式及其救济途径之选择，仍有不同之意见，以致於造成我国侦查中法院运作之困难。

The theories of the investigation procedure structure has three types:inquisitorial model,accusatorial model and proceeding model.

以这三种理论为基础可以将当今的侦查程序构造划分为纠问式侦查构造、弹劾式侦查构造和诉讼式侦查构造三种。

The main theories on scouting interrogation include: the curriculum construction of the study of scouting interrogation, the basic theory of scouting interrogation, the suspect s psychological activities during the scouting questioning, the position of choosing the breakthrough point of scouting interrogation in the study of scouting interrogation, the comprehensive process of scouting interrogation, the strategies and methods of scouting interrogation, and the protection of human rights in scouting interro...

97'石家庄全国刑侦工作会议和 98'武汉侦查讯问学术研讨会后，侦查讯问主要理论研究全面展开，侦查讯问的主要理论包括侦查讯问学的学科建设、侦查讯问的基本理论、犯罪嫌疑人在侦查讯问中的心理、选择侦查讯问突破口在侦查讯问学中位置、侦查讯问过程、侦查讯问谋略、侦查讯问方法、侦查讯问的人权保障。对这些理论作研究综合述评，有利于对侦查讯问理论的全面把握。

In the present condition, the measures to decrease investigation cost in maximum degree and to acquire the best investigation benefits are below: Reforming the investigation system, changing the "Regarding piece as the dominant factor" to "Regarding piece as the dominant factor","Piece and strip combination". Strengthening educational training, legal propagate and legislation. Improving the professional qualities of investigators and the legal quality of citizen. Uprighting the relation of "Investigation" and "Control", and changing the passive investigation to initiate investigation. Increasing criminal risk and cost to decrease and prevent the occurrence of crime . Displaying the guiding role of media in propagation. Respecting the objective law of new-born things development. Enlarging the input of science and technology and realizing sections link on network, resources enjoy together and examine and approve on network. Ensuring the stability of funds and scientific management.

在目前条件下，要最大限度地降低侦查成本，获取最佳侦查效益的措施是：改变侦查体制，变&以条为主&为&以块为主&，&条块结合&；加强教育培训和法制宣传、立法工作，大力提高侦查人员业务素质和国民素质；摆正&侦&与&控&的关系，变被动侦查为主动侦控；加大犯罪的风险和成本，减少和预防犯罪的发生；正确发挥新闻媒体宣传的导向作用，尊重新生事物发展的客观规律；加大科技投入，实现区域联网，资源共享，网上审批；经费的稳定保障及科学管理。

From the perspective of the structure of spy procedure,this article analyzes how the imperfection of it affects the behavior of extorting a ...

以侦查程序构造为视角，分析侦查程序构造的缺陷对侦查中刑讯逼供行为的影响，通过对侦查程序构造的重构来实现对侦查中刑讯逼供行为的控制。

Compared to the traditional investigative techniques, especially in response to increasingly rampant drugs, smuggling, counterfeit money, prostitution and other crimes without apparent victims, the inveigling investigation have its practical significance to safeguard the social stability. The test embarks from the definition of concept of inveigling investigation, and made a strict distinction between "Chance given" inveigling investigation and...

本文从界定诱惑侦查的概念出发，严格区分了&机会提供型&诱惑侦查与&犯意诱发型&诱惑侦查，通过对西方主要法治国家关于诱惑侦查的历史沿革及立法情况介绍，特别是较为详细地介绍美国&陷阱抗辩理论&的形成历程，意图借鉴和吸收其成熟的诱惑侦查理论和经验，为我国的诱惑侦查立法提供有益的参考，另外，通过对诱惑侦查的内、外价值及经济效益价值的分析，明确了诱惑侦查存在的现实意义及其在程序、方式层面上存在的价值缺陷。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。