依据性状

The complex data of 15 items on body measurements and bodyweight of the Charolais sheep were processed by means of the principalcomponent analysis with the aid of personal computer.The main traits:4-month weaning weight,daily weight gain between 70-120 days heart girth,hipwidth,circumference of cannon bone and rump area are reguired to select theshort thigh type of meat sheep.Classified figure of the lambs was alsodrawn.This study has provided advanced analytical method for the meatsheep breeding.

本研究借助微型电子计算机，运用主分量分析等现代数量化理论分析方法，对比较复杂的、难以直观分析的夏洛来肉羊的15个体重、体尺性状资料进行了分析处理，最终选出了4月龄体重、70～120d 日增重、胸围、腰角宽、管围、尻面积为主要测量性状的低躯广身体型的肉用羔羊，并给出了羔羊分类排序图，为今后我国肉羊选种选配及品系繁育提供了科学的依据和分析方法。

In addition, the edges, veins, skeleton and fissility of plant leaf are also primary features for plant morphology. So we also studied the method of the automatic extraction of these structural features from leaf images, which is a necessary step to design an automatic plant species system.

另外，叶片的叶缘、叶脉、骨架、裂深等叶片结构特征是植物数值分类学的主要分类性状，也是植物形态学分类的依据，通过数字图像处理技术实现这些性状的自动提取，是计算机辅助植物物种识别的重要内容和必然环节，所以对这些叶片结构特征的自动提取方法也进行了研究。

With longger fruit and more key fruits,moreover, the two traits showed significantly positive correlation (r=0.888). Of the 11 floral and fruit quantitative traits, the length and width of perianth segment and 6 other traits were different significantly among the three groups,which were successfully used in group-discrimination by means of the method of principal component analysis.

在所研究的11 个花果数量性状中，花被片长度和宽度等10 个性状在三大类群间差异极显著，主成分分析结果表明第1 主成分(贡献率69.11%)综合了各性状的主要信息，依据第1 主成分可以对三大类群进行区分，其中北美鹅掌楸类群第1 主成分值最大(变幅0.7156～1.3916，平均1.0408)，杂交鹅掌楸类群(变幅-0.0865～0.3959，平均0.2646)居于两个亲本类群之间，鹅掌楸类群(变幅-1.5443～-0.8855，平均-1.2426)最小。

The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.

综合以上的研究结果表明：(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种，且花型与花色较为丰富；(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护；(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的，少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布，概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准；(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的，可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的；(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定，对品种分类影响较大，其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性，可以作为品种分类的合理补充，而叶部性状稳定性较差，在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据；(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近，畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱，长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型，而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远；(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明：大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高，平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。

The choice characters set up by regression and path analysises did not only provide basis ofchoice of charater for hydrid parent plant and hydrid progeny of rice but also opened a brightfuture for the application of computers in high-yield breeding.

回归和通径所确定的选择性状不仅可以作为对水稻杂交亲本及其杂种后代的性状选择依据，提高其选择效果，同时也为计算机在水稻高产育种中的应用开辟了广阔的前景。

Five new bacterial diseases of Ligularia fischeri, Vigna angularis , Brassica juncea var.japonica, Aconitum coreanum and Silybum marianum in Jilin province were firstly reported in the world; and their sympotoms of the diseases were described in detail. According to the configuration of the pathogens observed by electrical microscope, Gram staination, pathogenicity, cultural characters, physiological and biochemical characters, as well as G+C mol%, the pathogens were identified respectively .

首次报道了马蹄叶腐烂病、红小豆溃疡病、黄花乌头顶枯病、江户菜软腐病和水飞蓟软腐病在吉林省的发生，详细描述了该五种病害症状及危害情况；通过对分离的病原菌的电镜形态观察、革兰氏染色、致病性、培养性状、生理生化性状、G+C mol％等方面的测定，依据《Bergey's Manual of determinative Bacteriology》9th ed相关部分，初步确定了其病原菌的分类地位并对病原菌进行了室内药剂筛选。

The results showed that some characters, such as shape of leaves and tooth number of leaf-margins, were not taxonomically reliant characters since they varied greatly within the same group; while the characters, such as hairs on leaves, venation of leaves, length and color of flowers or inflorescences, and length of fruits, were good characters for the classification of Stachyurus as they are usually stable.

结果表明：叶片形状、叶缘齿、花序下的叶片是否宿存以及花序是否具花序梗等性状在种间变异非常大，单个性状对旌节花属属下分类意义不大；而叶片毛被、脉序和结构，花序长度，花的大小和颜色以及果实大小等性状通常较稳定，可作为旌节花属划分种和变种的重要依据。

The phenomenon of ears long shorten, the stooling strengthen, and all plants increasing, of the Lankao906 communities after Ion beam-mediated explored the difference between the control and Mediated material from another angle, explained that Ion beam-Mediated changes advantage ously.

对于第二代材料的生物学效应研究主要以植株高度、穗型、叶部性状、籽粒性状、生育期和育性等为考查指标，试图研究外源遗传物质转化后所导致的后效性，为建立适应于离子束介导外源遗传物质的方法提供试验依据。

In order to investigate the molecular genetic basis of grain qulity and find useful information for genetic improvement to grain quality, molecular maker linkage map was construct with DH population derived from "Nong xi110×Nong xi531","DH8×DH40"and"DH86×Shen 137"by SSR markers;then 83,38 and 44 DH lines were analysised and identified for grain quality;in the end quantitative trait lociassociated traits related grain quality were identified and analyzed in this study.

本研究利用SSR标记构建基于组合&农系531×农系110&(农单5群体)、&DH8×DH40&和&DH86x沈137&的分子标记连锁图谱，并对该三个群体的83个、38个和44个DH株系的籽粒品质性状进行了分析和鉴定，以探索控制籽粒品质性状QTL位点与遗传效应，为玉米籽粒品质性状的遗传改良提供理论依据。

So MyoD gene family is very important to the vertebrate in differentiation ofmuscle cell and developmental maturation of skeletal system, and that the analysis ofMyoD gene family has theoretical and practical significance in poultry′s breeding.

同时结合测定的生产资料，分析了MyoG基因5′调控区和MyoD基因各多态位点产生的不同基因型之间在屠宰性状和肉质性状的差异。从而找出这两个基因和与屠宰性状和肉质性状之间的相关性，为鸡的标记辅助育种工作提供参考依据。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。