例外

However, the practice of WTO Panels and the Appellate Body reveals that these rules and criteria are not consistently complied with and the formation thereof is hardly justified. The traditional principle that those who claim or defend bear the burden takes no account of substantial justice and may be readily abused in hearings. Moreover, the analysis of the disparity between exception and exclusion proves meaningless, the hierarchy of criteria seems irrational, and the legal ground for exception to distribution of burden of proof is under debate.

遗憾的是，专家组和上诉机构的实践表明，他们并没有严格遵守其形成的相关举证责任分配规则，其形成的相关标准也缺乏合理性：传统的谁主张谁举证原则由于忽视了实质公平，在WTO审理实践中容易被滥用；例外规定与排除规定之间存在区别的分析多此一举；重要性等级标准缺乏合理性及例外规定作为举证责任分配的标准既没有法律依据，其合理性也受到质疑。

However , the practice of WTO Panels and the Appellate Body reveals that these rules and criteria are not consistently complied with and the formation thereof is hardly justified. The traditional principle that those who claim or defend bear the burden takes no account of substantial justice and may be readily abused in hearings.

遗憾的是，专家组和上诉机构的实践表明，他们并没有严格遵守其形成的相关举证责任分配规则，其形成的相关标准也缺乏合理性：传统的谁主张谁举证原则由于忽视了实质公平，在WTO审理实践中容易被滥用；例外规定与排除规定之间存在区别的分析多此一举；重要性等级标准缺乏合理性及例外规定作为举证责任分配的标准既没有法律依据，其合理性也受到质疑。

The study of exceptional set has a history of half a century. In reference (2), Lento extended the famous Picard Theorem and Presented the concept of exceptional set of entire functions and meromorphic functions. And the exceptional set in his result was an infinite sequence of complex numbers.

例外集问题的研究，已有半个世纪的历史，在文献〔2〕中，Lehto推广了著名的Picard定理，并首次提出例外集的概念，在他的结论中，例外集为一无穷复数序列。

The study of exceptional set has a history of half a century. In reference (2), Lento extended the famous Picard Theorem and Presented the concept of exceptional set of entire functions and meromorphic functions.

例外集问题的研究，已有半个世纪的历史，在文献〔2〕中，Lehto推广了著名的Picard定理，并首次提出例外集的概念，在他的结论中，例外集为一无穷复数序列。

The third chapter discusses several main general exceptions of patent, including prior use exception, experimental use exception, Bolar exception, rights exhaustion and parallel imports exception, rights abuse exception. The rationales, practices of legislation and jurisprudence concerning these exceptions will be examined in this chapter.

第三章讨论了几类主要的专利一般例外，包括先用权例外、实验使用例外、伯勒例外、权利穷竭和平行进口例外以及权利滥用例外，就每一例外从理论依据、立法与司法实践概况等方面进行了考察。

This time, we should make more detailed regulations in the aspects of equivalence principle, creativity standard, industrial design authorization exception, exhaustion doctrine and parallel import regulation, scientific experiment exception, Bolar exception and compulsory permission.

这次修改应当在等同原则、创造性标准、外观设计授权例外、权利用尽和平行进口规定、科学实验例外、&Bolar&例外和强制许可这几个方面作出更为详尽的规定，并采取一切办法解决在利用TRIPS协议弹性条款上还存在的诸多困难，以维护我国国际贸易领域的利益。

The first chapter gives a brief introduction of Schmitt\'s life and main works together with the evolution of his concepts of state of exception and state emergency powers. The second chapter expounds Schmitt\'s claims on state emergency powers in the state of exception: it should allow the sovereignty unrestrictive powers to decide on the state of exception. In the state of exception the president must be empowered the unrestrictive emergency power to watch constitution. Both the parliament and ministry of justice cannot defend constitution in the state of exception.

第二章则阐述施米特关于例外状态下国家紧急权力的主张：决断例外状态需要不受限制的主权权力：例外状态下只有赋予不受限制的紧急权给总统才能守护宪法，议会、司法机关都不能在例外状态下捍卫宪法；例外状态下要捍卫国家、宪法，需要授予像总统这样的特别立法者以甚至侵犯宪法的立法权力。

Illegal evidence removes the regulation exception "fruit principle exception of including the goodwill field exception , confuting defendant's exception , the poisonous tree".

非法证据排除规则的例外包括善意地例外、反驳被告人的例外、&毒树之果&原则的例外。

Schmitt\'s state of exception is a political one, but the state of exception discussed by the arguers after the events of September 11 is a legal one.

施米特笔下的例外状态是一种政治的例外状态，而&9·11&事件之后的论者所讨论的例外状态则是一种法律的例外状态。

There are many serious misleading in how to apply the principle of "fraud exception", whereas, it is necessary to make a legal research on the principle of "fraud exception" in light of former researches. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author put emphasis on the principle of abstract independence, the definition, the establishment and development of the principle of fraud exception, the analysis of the fraud, the theory, the prerequisite and the procedure of apply the principle of "fraud exception" in order to establish the general principle and necessary procedure. In the second part, the author analysis the existing backward conditions oflegislation and judicial practice in China, and courts" attitude to the judicial remedy for the principle of " fraud exception", further, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to make the legislation on the principle of "fraud exception" perfect, and how to apply the procedure of judicial remedy for the principle of "fraud exception". Lastly, the author hopes that these suggestions could benefit to the judicial practice and the future legislation on the principle of "fraud exception.

我国在加入世界贸易组织后，按照国际惯例和国际公约处理国际贸易中的纠纷己成为一种必然趋势，鉴于我国法院对如何准确适用信用证欺诈例外原则存在着严重误区，使得在先前学者研究的基础上再一次研究欺诈例外原则很有必要，本文分两个部分，第一部分对信用证独立抽象原则、信用证欺诈例外原则的定义、确立与发展、对例外原则下欺诈的分析、理论基础、适用条件以及程序等六方面展开论述，从而确立信用证欺诈例外原则的一般原则和必要的程序：第二部分主要分析我国司法实践中信用证欺诈例外原则司法救济的立法以及司法现状，及法院对欺诈例外原则的态度，从而对如何完善我国法院欺诈例外原则的法律依据以及如何正确适用欺诈例外原则的司法救济程序提出一些构思，希望为欺诈例外原则在我国的司法实践以及为以后的相应立法提供有益的参考。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。