使风化

Meanwhile, the concentration of Pb,Zn and other heavy metals is rather high in the oxidation zone and decreasesdownward to levels that are unbelievably low for Pb-Zn mine tailings. Theseobservations suggest that heavy metals should be re-immobilized by secondaryminerals, rather than primary minerals, in the oxidation zone, and could be leachedout from suboxic environment due to low rate oxidative dissolution which preventsthe precipitation of secondary minerals in significant amount. Thus, cover scenarioswhich establish a suboxic environment beneath the cover layer might not always beeffective in preventing heavy metal release from mine tailings.Sequential extraction studies indicate that, in addition to heavy metal leaching,oxidation of the mine tailings increased the mobility of residual Zn, and Cu, while Pb remains immobile due to the formation of anglesite (PbSO4). Using the seven-step extraction technique developed by Dold (J. Geochem. Explor., 2003, 80: 55-68), galena dissolves in significant amount at step 2 most probably due to the strong complexing of Pb2+ by acetate, while other metal sulfides dissolve at step 6, which suggest that this extraction technique could not be used to evaluate the mobility of lead in natural environment

重金属含量均低于新鲜尾矿，但以硬化层中的含量最高(Pb、Zn含量分别为0.47%和0.93%)，往下大幅度降低，表明尾矿风化过程中形成的次生矿物对Pb、Zn等重金属元素有较强的固定作用，而次氧化带的淋溶作用造成了金属元素的大量流失；(4)与新鲜尾矿相比，硬化层中铅的可迁移性大大降低，硬化层之下尾矿样品中铅的可迁移性也不同程度降低，这是由于硫化物氧化产生的硫酸根与尾矿中的铅反应形成铅矾(PbSO_4)的缘故；(5)氧化作用使尾矿中的zn、Cu等重金属的可迁移性不同程度地增大，其中对锌的可迁移性影响最大，铜的可迁移性与铁比较相似，铅则容易与硫化物氧化形成的SO_4~(2-)反应形成铅矾(PbSO_4)；(6)为了减少尾矿污染和修复矿山环境，人们提出了各种不同的尾矿覆盖方案，本文的研究结果表明，这些方法不一定能够有效地阻滞污染元素的迁移。

Photo Gallery: Erosion and Weathering A thunderstorm does its part to shape Utah's Mussentuchit Badlands.

意译：侵蚀和风化的图片画廊。一次雷暴雨使它的一部分形状犹他州的Mussentuchit荒地。

The uncertainty of measurement for the determination of chloride content in water by silver nitrate titration method was evaluated.The influence of the factors on the uncertainty of measurement for the determination of chloride content were analyzed, including repeatability of measurement results, burette, the concentration of standard solution, etc.

氯化物进入地表水中有自然和人为两种因素，岩石风化可使自然界中的氯化物进入地表水中，同时工业及生活污水的排放和海水倒灌也会给地表水中引入大量的氯化物，地表水中氯化物含量的变化是监测排污和咸潮影响的重要指标。

Due to an abundant rainfall and frequent rainstorm, and geographical characteristics of mountain and hills, the potential erosive dynamics of soil erosion is strong. The low resistant erosion ability of ground substance, especially in granite weathering crust and purple rock and its soil are the inner causes of severe soil erosion. The utilization of natural resource of mankind was increased due to characteristics of social and economic environment of the province. The unreasonable land utilization caused vegetation destroy, which is the key factor of soil erosion.

丰沛的降雨和频繁的暴雨，以及多山地丘陵的地形特征，为土壤侵蚀提供了强大的侵蚀潜在动力；抗侵蚀性较弱的地面组成物质，特别是花岗岩和紫色岩风化壳及其土壤，是造成土壤侵蚀特别严重的内在原因；而社会经济环境特点使人类利用自然资源强度增加，出现了一系列土地利用不合理现象，导致其中植被破坏，是造成土壤侵蚀的决定性因子。

Except weathering of original ore bodies,soil formation of karst laterite is accompanied and mixed.

此种作用使矿石具有红土型的特征，并对原始金矿的风化产物的金品位有贫化作用。

After that the fractures in the right dam foundation slope were stretched at the beginning of the Quaternary Period because in the period Yakouhoushan mountain quaquaversal dome was blowups quickly. At the same time, the valley trenching of Lancang River reach to 800-1000 meter in altitude at the right bank in Nuozadu dam site. This two reason accelerated the groundwater infiltration in the right bank slope. So, the weathering agency could have invaded deeply in the right bank slope.

导致右岸岩体复杂化的成因是，右岸岩体在早期遭受了多期构造作用和岩体蚀变的基础上，第四纪早期丫口后山穹隆的快速隆起与当时河谷下切至800m～1000m高程这一特殊因素组合引起了右岸岩体沿原有的断裂张开，使地下水等风化营力能够到达坡体较深部位，经过长期的风化卸荷作用，形成了右岸复杂岩体。

It is embodied concretely:(1) With the adoption of grouting bolts, the cranny in wall rocks can be blocked up, the air can be isolated, the wall rocks can be prevented to be weatherized and make water, the strength of wall rocks can also be avoided to be lowered;(2) The lax broken wall rocks are commentated to a whole by liquid after they were grouted and the rock"s strength is increased, so the wall rocks become a part of the support structure by using itself and become a whole with the original rock, and the roadway is made to keep stable but not easy to be broken;(3) The spray layer wall are filled with liquid after grouting, the stress is avoided to be concentrated because the load could be evenly acted on the spray layer and the support;(4) The pressure acted on the plank can be delivered to the two sidepieces and then to the bottom by reinforcing the sidepiece; At the same time, the concentration degree of loads acted on the motherboard can be weaken because of the enlargement of the combination arch"s thickness, as result, the rock"s stress is lowered and the heaving is alleviated;(5) The common bolt is made to be fixed the whole length after grouting, the layers are connected to a integral whole and bear the weight of loads, so the support structure"s unity is increased.

具体体现在：(1)采用注浆锚杆注浆，可以利用浆液封堵围岩裂隙，隔绝空气，防止围岩风化，且能防止淋水和渗水，避免围岩被水浸湿而降低围岩的本身强度及造成的巷道变形。(2)注浆后浆液将松散破碎的围岩胶结成整体，提高了岩体强度，实现利用围岩本身作为支护结构的一部分，且与原岩形成一个整体，使巷道保持稳定而不易产生破坏；(3)注浆后使得喷层壁后充填密实，保证荷载能均匀地作用在喷层和支护上，避免出现应力集中点而首先破坏；(4)注浆后使作用在顶板上的压力能有效地传递到两帮，通过对帮的加固，又能把荷载传递到底板；同时由于组合拱厚度的加大，这样又能减小作用在底板上的荷载集中度，从而减小底板岩石中的应力，减轻底臌；(5)注浆加固后能使普通端锚锚杆实现全长锚固，它们共同将多层组合拱连成一体，共同承载，提高了支护结构的整体性。

Photo Gallery: Erosion and Weathering Wind erosion makes these layered sandstone hills swirl in Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area.

意译：侵蚀和风化的图片画廊。风蚀使这些层状的砂岩丘陵漩涡中帕里亚峡谷，朱红色悬崖荒野地区。

An interbedded sliding zone with fault-slip cleavage in an amygdaloidal basalt thin layer made up the embryo of the main sliding zone and the coupling chemical weathering with physical weathering based on lateral unloading made the interbedded sliding zone get a material prone to slide finally.

褶皱运动产生的构造裂隙与柱状节理的叠加使滑体玄武岩呈现碎裂—镶嵌结构，而沿结构面发生的化学风化形成的腐岩壳使岩体进一步转变为&石夹土&结构，加剧了坡体的时效变形。

Baishishan the top of the dolomite cap rock was formed 10 billion years ago the marine environment; crustal movement to make this piece of dolomitic marble produced more than two sets of vertical joints, in the long years of millions of years later, the weathering so that the vertical cracks expanding into a arrhizus rock column of Qifeng Li; Moreover, these columns, such as Lin Qifeng Li has just standing on a solid granite base, making them also another insurance Fenglin odd geological movement continues to be able to has been retained.

白石山上部的白云岩盖层形成于10亿年前的海洋环境；地壳运动使这块白云质大理岩产生了两组以上的垂直节理，在后来亿万年漫长的岁月里，风化作用使垂直裂隙不断扩大，岩层变成了根根柱立的奇峰；而且，这些柱立如林的奇峰又正好伫立在稳固的花岗岩基座上，使得这些又奇又险的峰林在不断的地质运动中能够被保留下来。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。