使集合

We have proposed the switching adaptive control law for the systems and designed the Lyapunov function in this thesis. It is proved that the proposed switching adaptive control law guarantees the solutions of the nonlinear systems boundedness and convergence of the tracking error to a residual set based on the Lyapunovs stability theory. The residual set can be made arbitrarily small by choosing a certain design parameters.

文中设计出了这类系统的切换自适应控制律，并构造出相应的Lyapunov函数，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统在所设计的控制律作用下，闭环信号都有界并且跟踪误差收敛到一个集合，通过选择适当的参数可使这个集合任意小。

He sends Titus and two others to make the collections and to remove all grounds of calumny that he was enriching himself.

他发送提图斯和另外两个使集合，并删除所有的理由，诽谤他是充实自己。

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

The token colure aggregation can make one token signify many kinds of resources, and the original place can only signify a kind of resource, expand the content of token represented, the movement color aggregation of transition can show the association condition that the more complicated events is happened at the same time.

托肯色彩集合可使一个库所的托肯表示多种资源，而原来的库所只能表示一种资源，扩大了托肯所代表的内涵，同时变迁的动作色彩集合也可表示更加复杂的事件发生的组合条件。

It is found that loop-carried flow dependencies form a set of disjoint linear ordered sets, and that there is one and only one basis that is independent and inclusive, making unnecessary all the other dependencies.

利用这一性质，围绕着包含这一概念，该文为VLIW结构上的流相关分析提出了一个完整的娄学模型，发现体间流相关集合可划分为若干不相交的线序集合，存在且仅存在一个独立的、全包含的流相关集合，使其他所有流相关都不必要。

In this paper, two partition models are built to formulate the document collection partition problem from the essence of the problem itself and they can be used as the evaluation criterion of the document collection partition problem.

从文档集合划分问题本身出发，给出了两个划分模型来刻画文档集合划分问题，从而使这两个模型可以作为文档集合划分的有效评价指标。

Problem III Given find such thatProblem IV When Problem I or II or III is consistent, let Se denote the set of its solutions, for given , find , such thatwhere is Frobenius norm, S is Rn×p or a subset of Rn×p satisfying some constraint conditions, such as symmetric, skew-symmetric, centrosymmet-ric, centroskew symmetric, reflexive, antireflexive, bisymmetric or symmetric and antipersymmetric.

问题Ⅳ 设问题Ⅰ或Ⅱ或Ⅲ相容，且其解集合为SE，给定X0∈Rn×p，求X∈SE，使其中‖·‖为Frobenius范数，S为Rn×p或为Rn×p中满足某约束条件的矩阵集合，如对称矩阵、反对称矩阵、中心对称矩阵、中心反对称矩阵、自反矩阵、反自反矩阵、双对称矩阵、对称次反对称矩阵等。

The outputs from the ensemble simulation are analyzed using the three basic interpretational methods commonly used in the ensemble forecast; the consequence is that it is practicable to introduce ensemble technique in regional climate study. Th...

以集合预报的 3种基本释用方法，对集合模拟产生的大量输出结果作了细致的分析，发现在区域气候模拟中，引入物理集合是可行的；它为区域气候数值研究提供了更多的手段和信息；集合系统存在的不足之处在于：集合成员间离散程度不足、集合模拟范围较狭窄，这使得离差对误差的实际预报能力低于潜在预报能力，也使集合概率预报的精度降低。

In this algorithm, Harris corner detector is used to extract feature points, which gains sub pixel precision for features extraction. Then, a pseudo matching set is obtained by comparing local neighborhoods of features through intensity cross correlation method and these pseudo matches are divided into inliers and outliers using robust RANSAC algorithm.

此算法采用 Harris角检测算子进行特征点提取，使提取的精度达到了亚像素级，然后以特征点邻域灰度互相关法进行特征点匹配得到了初步的伪匹配集合，并运用稳健的RANSAC算法将伪匹配点集合划分为内点和外点，在内点域上运用 L M优化算法精确地估计出了图像间的点变换关系，最后采用颜色插值对交接处进行颜色过渡。

To make a comprehensive view of metapopulation researches, we folly analyze and summarize the present concepts, theories and models of metapopulation in this paper, which primarily includes the dynamical models and simulation approaches of single and competitive metapopulations. Based on the Levin's patch occupant model, the center framework of metapopulation researches, primary principles and mechanisms are discussed. First, Levins rule: the fraction of empty patch will remain constant with habitat destruction as long as metapopulation survives. This rule implies that empty patches have determinant effects on persistence and conservation. Second. Allee effect of metapopulation is incurred by establishing difficulties and dispersal costs, which is important to the studies of reserve area and the minimum available metapopulation size. Third, we analyze the rescue effect that immigrants can reduce the extinction risk of the presented local population. Rescue effect can leads to the improvement of metapopulation sustainability and the decrease of fraction of empty patches. Fourth, the coexistence mechanism of two competing metapopulation is discussed, which suggests that competition-colonization trade off may be prevalent in competing systems. Finally, extinction debt ob tamed from coexistence mechanism is given, which depicts the lost of species richness in the future for the current habitat destruction. After theoretical discussion, we present two popular simulated approaches in metapopulations: probability transition model and stochastic process model.

为了能总观集合种群进展的全局并开展进一步的工作，首先对集合种群的已有概念、理论和模型做了全面的分析和总结；其次对集合种群的发展和概念进行了探讨，以集合种群模型的中心框架：Levins的斑块占据模型为基础，展开对其它原理、效应和机制的探讨；主要包括了Levins原理，即当生境进到破坏时，空斑块比例在集合种群灭绝前保持不变，然后还分析了Allee效应（集合种群的Allee效应主要是由于建群困难和扩散损失造成的）；第三，分析了援救效应：迁人个体可以降低斑块中现有局域种群的灭绝风险，援救效应会增强集合种群的生存力，使空斑块比例下降第四，探讨了两竞争集合种群的共存机制，即竞争－侵占妥协，其共存机制为空间生境中物种共存提供了有力的理论解释。

So that more consumers can enjoy more delicious quality, technology is even better than wine.

让更多的消费者可以品尝到品质更为鲜美，工艺更为精湛的葡萄酒。

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在你最喜爱的文本编辑器中将它打开。