使降低

In as-cast microstructures, SG modification can refine austenites and inhibit their orientational arrangement, reduce and refine the intercrystalline carbides; in heat-treatment process, SG modification can either shorten the holding time or lower the holding temperature.

SG 变质处理能有效地抑制铸态组织中柱状晶的生长，细化奥氏体组织并降低其方向性，减少晶间碳化物数量并使之细化；对热处理组织，SG 变质处理可以加速碳化物溶解，缩短水韧处理的保温时间或降低水韧处理的温度。

In this dissertation the"Penalty"finite element method was employed to compute the velocity of the three-dimensional flow of power-law fluid in a profile die. In order to decrease the needed computer memory and raise the stability of numerical simulation, a set of decoupled methods such as PFEM, pseudo-body force method and transformation of momentum equation to the elliptic equation was developed to establish the general finite element equations to compute the distributions of velocity and viscoelastic stress of the three-dimensional viscoelastic flow of the Phan ThienTanner fluid in a profile die. During numerical simulation of the extrudate swell of the PTT fluid, the flow in the die and out of the die was analyzed separately, which demands less computer memory.

本文建立了求解挤出口模内幂律流体流动速度场的通用三维罚有限元模型；对于非线性粘弹性的Phan Thien-Tanner流体，为了降低模拟计算对计算机硬件的要求，并使模拟计算更加稳定，采用了一种去耦算法，包括罚有限元方法、拟体力方法和动量方程的椭圆类方程转化方法，并建立了求解速度场和粘弹性应力场的总体有限元方程；对于PTT流体的挤出胀大问题，提出了挤出胀大熔体口模内外分离模拟法，这样可以显著降低数值模拟对计算机硬件的要求。

In this dissertation the"Penalty"finite element method was employed to compute the velocity of the three-dimensional flow of power-law fluid in a profile die. In order to decrease the needed computer memory and raise the stability of numerical simulation, a set of decoupled methods such as PFEM, pseudo-body force method and transformation of momentum equation to the elliptic equation was developed to establish the general finite element equations to compute the distributions of velocity and viscoelastic stress of the three-dimensional viscoelastic flow of the Phan ThienTanner fluid in a profile die. During numerical simulation of the extrudate swell of the PTT fluid, the flow in the die and out of the die was analyzed separately, which demands less computer memory. The key techniques used in numerical simulation of the three-dimensional extrusion from dies such as decision of boundary conditions, creation of initial velocity field, selection of penalty factor, high Weissenberg number problem , regeneration of the free surface were studied in detail.

中文题名聚合物异型材口模挤出三维流动研究副题名外文题名 Study on three-dimensional flow of polymer melts during the process of profile extrusion from dies 论文作者涂志刚导师柳和生包忠诩教授学科专业材料加工工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位南昌大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数148页关键词挤出成型聚合物材料挤出口模聚合物异型材馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TQ320 /9 本文建立了求解挤出口模内幂律流体流动速度场的通用三维罚有限元模型；对于非线性粘弹性的Phan Thien-Tanner流体，为了降低模拟计算对计算机硬件的要求，并使模拟计算更加稳定，采用了一种去耦算法，包括罚有限元方法、拟体力方法和动量方程的椭圆类方程转化方法，并建立了求解速度场和粘弹性应力场的总体有限元方程；对于PTT流体的挤出胀大问题，提出了挤出胀大熔体口模内外分离模拟法，这样可以显著降低数值模拟对计算机硬件的要求。

The diameter in brachial artery in responding to reactive hyperaemia was improved greatly than before treatment. After 6 months of treatment, SBP and DBP were all cut down obviously than before treatment.

贝那普利治疗2型糖尿病并发高血压患者在降低BP的同时能有效地改善血管内皮依赖性舒张功能，且使血浆Tm和vW因子水平降低，NO水平升高。

As you know, the plant can transfer the energy that come from the sun or light to chemical energy, and it also can reduce the energy wastages of a city for the lower temperature.

作为植物可以改善城市空气质量，可以作为广告招牌，总体而言是将光能储存为化学能，减少二氧化碳排放量，且能降低城市能耗，因为可以使城市温度降低，减少用电。

The smoothing algorithm can improve the intelligibility of vocoders at ultra low bit rate and save the quantization bits of LSF and energy parameters, which is significant to ultra low bit rate speech coding algorithms.

平滑算法在不引起听觉上的畸变和降低模型合成语音的听觉质量的情况下，使线谱频率参数和能量参数的变化轨迹得到了平滑，提高了两种参数各自的帧间相关性，从而降低了量化失真。

The fifth plan was desirable one for the development of medical barrier fabrics with fine comprehensive properties. In this plan, one-layered texture with differential face, which made fibers disposed in three layers, was selected as texture of upper and inferior layers, therefore the difficulties of weaving were reduced. Moreover, because superfine fibers with better performance and higher price were disposed only in liquid-repellent layer and ordinary polyester filaments with smaller fineness and lower price were disposed in inferior layers, the thickness and cost were reduced based on fine liquidrepellency.

通过对比分析得出，第五方案是在开发具有优良综合性能的医用屏蔽织物时最可取的一种设计方案，它的上、下层均采用了单层的异面组织，在高密下使纤维在织物呈三层配置，大大地降低了织造的难度，并且此方案仅在拒液层的经、纬向配置了性能较好、价格较贵的超细涤纶长丝，而在织物的下层配置了纱支较细、价格较低的普通涤纶长丝，这样就在保证织物具有优良的拒液性能的基础上降低了织物的厚度和成本。

Although having minimal effects on DM digestibility, NDF digestibility, DM Recovery and concentrations of lactic acid, NDF, and crude protein, treatment of corn stover silages with cellulase had reduced VBN/TN 28%, ADF20% and butyric acid-to-total acid 100% as compared with control silage.

添加纤维素酶可以使玉米秸秆青贮饲料中的氨态氮与总氮比值降低28％，丁酸占总酸的比例降低100％，ADF含量下降20％，显著提高了玉米秸青贮饲料的营养价值。

Nitrate reductase activity in leaf blades was 27 and 9 times higher than that in petioles and roots, respectively.

结果表明，适当增铵使叶片、叶柄和根系硝酸盐含量分别降低了22％、15％和22％，而硝态氮吸收量则降低了7.5％。

A sugarcane leaf shattering and returning machine which adopted profiling pick-up device was designed to make it possible that the gap between flail knife and furrow is larger than the ridge height.

设计了一种采用仿形集叶器的甘蔗叶粉碎还田机，使甩刀离地沟间隙可超过垄高，较好地解决了普通甩刀无法捡拾沟底甘蔗叶的问题，田间试验结果表明：单位时间燃油消耗量降低约7%，捡拾率提高约4%，粉碎率提高约11%，粉碎后长度由25 cm降低到20cm，满足了甘蔗叶粉碎质量和生产农艺要求。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。