使降低

Sb can combine with Cu and P to form a low melting point compound which lowers the melting point of binary Cu-8P eutectic alloy by nearly 200℃. Bi and Cu can create compounds with low melting point(270℃) distributing at the boundaries and that is the reason why the melting point of (Cu-8P)-Bi is lower than that of binary Cu-8P eutectic alloy. The eutectic cluster can be refined with the addition of Fe, and that is the reason why the addition of Fe can decrease the melting point of Cu-8P alloy. Two means of decreasing the melting point of Cu-8P are found.

一定量的Sb与Cu， P形成低熔点相，从而大幅降低了Cu-8P合金的熔点，使其熔点降低近200℃；加入少量Bi后， Bi与Cu在共晶团晶界上形成熔点为270℃左右的低熔点化合物，且Bi的加入明显细化Cu-8P合金共晶团，从而使Cu-8P合金的熔点降低；加入Fe能明显细化Cu-8P合金的共晶团，使层片间距由8μm减为2μm以下，并使共晶团由层片状向短棒状转变，虽然Fe与Cu形成熔点为806℃的高温相，但Fe的细化作用使得Cu-8P合金的熔点降低，但降低幅度不大。

Aldrin at concentrations higher than 40 μg/L decreased life expectancy at birth of F1 generation of the cladoceran, that at 20 μg/L and 80-640 μg/L decreased net reproduction rate, that at 320 and 640 μg/L shortened generation time, and that at all the concentrations decreased intrinsic rate of population increase. Aldrin at 160-640 μg/L shortened life expectancy at birth and generation time of F2 generation of the cladoceran, that at 160 and 640 μg/L decreased net reproduction rate, but that at all the concentrations except for 40 and 320 μg/L increased intrinsic rate of population increase.

浓度高于40μg/L的艾氏剂使多刺裸腹溞F1代的生命期望显著缩短，20μg/L和80~640μg/L的艾试剂使F1代的净生殖率显著降低，320μg/L和640μg/L的艾氏剂使F1代的世代时间显著缩短，所有浓度的艾试剂均使F1代的种群内禀增长率显著降低。160~640μg/L的艾氏剂使多刺裸腹溞F2代的生命期望和世代时间显著缩短，160μg/L和640μg/L的艾氏剂使F2代的净生殖率显著降低；除40和320μg/L外，所有浓度的艾试剂均显著提高了F2代的种群内禀增长率。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Six to eight drops of Eucalyptus oil in the bath cools the body in summer and protects in winter.

洗澡时加入6至8滴尤加利精油，在夏天时可以使降低体温，在冬天可以保护身体

This thesis demonstrates the pre-polymers in a polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals can be polymerized into a polymer film, which can eliminate the aligning capability of the homogeneous alignment layer. Thereafter, the textures of the cholesteric liquid crystals in UV-cured region can be changed from reflective planar texture to the scattered focal conic one. Additionally, the clearing temperature of the liquid crystals can be reduced by doping with chiral dopant or monomers. The cause is the increase of the impurity concentration in LCs. In other words, if the monomers are polymerized, the clearing temperature of LCs in that region should increase due to the decrease of the impurity concentration. Therefore, impurities associated with doping with monomeric and chiral dopants cause the clearing temperature of LCs in cured region to differ from that in uncured region.

本文中，我们提出在高分子聚合物薄膜之胆固醇液晶(polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals，简称PDCLCs)中，利用紫外光使PDCLC中的单体聚合成薄膜，此即为光引致聚合反应，而该薄膜将原本在表面所作的配向膜覆盖且破坏其配向能力，使胆固醇液晶由原本反射的planar结构转换成散射的focal conic结构；另外，有关液晶材料的相变温度会由於掺杂手性分子或单体而降低，此因液晶材料内『杂质』浓度增加，而造成的液晶材料之不纯度增加，最终导致相变温度降低，若搭配上述光引致聚合反应，则由於光照区之单体聚合，使该区域单体占总材料之比例下降，即不纯度降低，进而使液晶材料之相变温度上升，该区域之相变温度与未照光区有所不同。

The kinetics of degradation of healthy paddyfield ecosystem due to unreasonable fertilization are as follows.(1) The rice growth was interfered and the structure of microbe population was altered through applying excessive nitrogen fertilizer, while the yield of rice was decreased later and the secretion was reduced from rice root, which induced the Eh and the quantities of Bacterium and Actinomycetes declining, and the contents of MBC, MBN, MBP low in the soil. All of that made the capacity of accommodating nutrient weak in microbe ecosystem.

不合理施肥引起的稻田生态系统退化的动力学特征是：(1)重施氮肥首先使水稻植株生长受阻，同时改变土壤微生物种群结构，从而直接使水稻产量降低，稻田土壤生产力受损，并产生一系列不良次级反应：水稻生理活动减弱减少了根系分泌量，同时也降低了土壤Eh，使稻田土壤细菌、放线菌数量降低，MBC、MBN以及MBP含量下降，微生物保肥、供肥能力降低，从而土壤微生物生态系统功能弱化。

Pass to count to Wisterch parameter , and the steel wire is different from the molding tool get in touch with the length, and settle the path the research taking the length work the stabber angle to get under differently pull to stir the term, mold core adoption of best severally why size, combine the best work stabber of research the Cape, and settle the path to take the length nextly steel wire is in the molding tool of have fever to measure, air inside dispel-heat calories, winding dispel-heat on the coil-canister , and its molding tool dispel-heat calories of, and cause the steel wire the temperature difference pass in and outing the molding tool to influence steel wire machine function, under the experiment inside pull to stir the term according to the same race different work stabber Cape half of adoption the Cape(7 degree,10 degree,12 degrees, the best mold Cape, experience mold Cape) settle the path to take the length(2-3 mm,3-4 mm,4-5 mms, theories length, experience length) to proceed to experiment, and get the conclusion, work stabber the Cape then is more big the steel wire get in touch with the length with

通过对Wisterch参数，钢丝与模具接触长度、定径带长度、工作锥角度的研究得到了在不同拉拨条件下模芯采用的最佳几何尺寸，并研究最佳工作锥角、定径带长度下钢丝在模具中的发热量、空气中散热量、卷筒上的散热量及其模具散热量的不同，导致钢丝进出模具的温度差别对钢丝机械性能的影响，在实验中根据同种拉拨条件下采用不同工作锥角半角、定径带长度进行试验，得出结论，工作锥角越大则钢丝与模具接触长度越短，钢丝变形越剧烈，在模具中发热量就越高，导致钢丝出模温度高，使钢丝强度、硬度升高，弯曲、扭转次数降低，并且降低模具使用寿命。在其它条件相同的情况下，定径带越长则钢丝与定径带简壁磨擦增大，使钢丝发热量加大，从而使钢丝强度、硬度略升高，弯曲扭转次数略降低但定径带的增大减小了钢丝变形产生的弹性后效使钢丝出模直径比较稳定。

Stramonium root, stem and leaf were extracted with distilled water, and with the treatment with distilled water as CK, the effects of extracted liquid from D.

结果表明，0.2g/ml曼陀罗叶浸提液处理时，芝麻和粟种子萌发率分别降低83%和83.3%，幼苗的根和茎则停止了生长； 0.4g/ml曼陀罗茎浸提液使芝麻和粟的萌发率降低27.6%和15.8%，幼苗根长降低93.3%和64.7%，幼苗茎长降低51.2和18.0%。0.4g/ml曼陀罗根浸提液使芝麻和粟种子萌发率降低31.2%和56.2%，幼苗根长降低75.1和15.0%。

In addition, CVB3 shifted the membrane potential depolarizing to peak current Vp from 8±8 mV to 5±3 mV which could also be reverted to 8±4 mV by taurine.

柯萨奇B3病毒感染使引起最大Ca2+电流的膜电压Vp由8±8 mV减为5±3 mV，牛磺酸可使降低的Vp恢复到8±4 mV。

G-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NOS, inhibited the production of NO and recuperated the decrement in ATP content and KBR.

OS抑制剂NG－甲基－L－精氨酸可以抑制NO的产生，并使降低的肝细胞ATP含量、KBR得以恢复。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。