使金属化

The third approach is about the concept of an ITO direct Ohmic contact structure on GaP window layer. The direct Ohmic contact structure is performed by the deposition of an AuBe diffused thin layer and the following activation process on the surface of a Mg-doped GaP window layer. The presence of this thin AuBe diffused layer yields the Be dominant metallic surface layer and significantly reduces the barrier height between the ITO and p-GaP layer. Via the modification of contact structure, not only the brightness was significantly increased but the reliability was comparable to the conventional LED without this structure.

第三个研究为一种具有直接欧姆接触在p型磷化镓窗层与氧化铟锡界面的制程方法，於本研究中并无习知砷化镓欧姆接触层的存在，我们利用金/金铍金属藉由热退火程序，使其金铍原子在磷化镓窗层表面形成具金属特性之薄膜层，降低磷化镓与氧化铟锡接触产生之接面能障；另外，该元件在氧化铟锡直接欧姆接触於磷化镓窗层下，除亮度具明显提升外，在稍大电流(20毫安培)元件可靠度测试下，亦未有明显衰减情形发生。

However,for free decay method,its range of changing frequency is very narrow and the initial states of samples are not easily repeated because of the effect of crystallization;for forced oscillation method,the measuring results are seriously affected by crystallization,which is caused by slow heating rates.

然而，自由衰减法有限的变频范围，以及由于受晶化的影响，使两次升温测量时样品的初始状态不易重复；用强迫振动法测量时，同步变频条件限制了升温速率，造成金属玻璃的晶化过程严重影响了测量结果。

If the steel is not killed with aluminum .the Nitrogen content shall not exceed 0.008. warm rolling steel bands for pipes shall be without defects such as foliation inner blisters, nickel fractures cracks or any other defects which can cause break-down corrosion or porosity of pipe walls. the plate or skelp used for PSL 2 pipe shall not contain any repair welds.

如果钢管不是因为铝化断开的话，其实含氮量不应该超过0.008，用于钢管的热轧钢板应无任何如内部水泡面理、镍断口裂痕及其它可引起腐蚀或使管壁多孔化的瑕疵，用于生产 PSL2钢管的金属板或焊接管坯钢不应含有任何修补焊接的痕迹。

Arc-glow plasma depositing technique is a new surface coating method. With the help of vacuum arc discharge, a cold cathode arc source continually emits ion beams of coating elements with high currency density and high ionizing ratio.Upon the ion bombard and diffusion work on, the surfaces of the parts form deposited layers, diffusion layers. In this study, a commercial magnesium alloy AZ91 was coated with Ti film layer.

加弧辉光离子渗镀技术将辉光放电与弧光放电有机地结合起来，利用辉光放电空心阴极效应使工件迅速升温，同时在真空容器壁上设置一个或多个金属阴极电弧靶源，利用真空电弧放电而不断地发射出高能量、高电流密度、高离化率的欲渗金属离子流，依靠扩散和离子轰击作用快速渗入工件表面层，在工件表面可以形成渗层、镀层、渗镀结合层。

For low molar ratios of Al/Zr, a hypsochromic shift of the initial catalyst absorption band, corresponding to the monomethylation of the catalyst, was observed. Further addition of AlEt2Cl was accompanied by a continuous bathochromic shift of the maximal wavelength corresponding to the formation of more dissociated ionic active species. Then, there would be a coordination of monomer to the ionic active species.

结果表明，无论是AlEt_2Cl还是MAO，少量的助催化剂首先使催化剂发生单烷基化反应，主催化剂金属中心的最大吸收峰波长发生蓝移，而当助催化剂量进一步增加时，金属中心的最大吸收峰波长红移，单烷基取代的催化剂被大量的助催化剂夺去电子成为缺电子的阳离子活性中心，以便烯烃单体的配位插入。

The study showed the recombinant wt/mCREG protein depressed the VSMC proliferation depending on dose and the optimal concentration was 400nM;2biologic function of CREG protein and the membrance receptor mechanism:①effect on VSMC migration: the wound healing experiment showed the OB2 cells migration was slower significantly after added wt/mCREG(400Nm) in supernatant. The HITASY cells migration were very slowly and no remarkable change. The gelatinase digestion and Western blot analysis showed the matrix metalloproteinase was decreased and TIMPs was increased;②effect on differentiation: after added wt/mCREG(400nM), the expression of myocardin, SMα-actin, MHC and caldesmin were increased and that of LM-1 and FN were decreased in OB2 cells. These effects were more significant when adding wtCREG.;③effect on VSMC proliferation: Cell cycle assay and BrDU stain showed: after added the wtCREG and mCREG protein, the ratio of cell in G0/G1 phase increased to 0.5773 and 0.5572 from 0.5308 respectively in OB2 group, which increased to 0.7369 and 0.7034 respectively from 0.6297 in HITASY group;3Role of M6P/IGF2R in CREG biologic function:①ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation showed the wt/mCREG binding to M6P/IGF2R directly.②antibody blocking test: when the anti-IGF2R was added to medium at the same time with wt/mCREG at different concentration(2μg/mL、4μg/mL、8μg/mL),the effects of CREG protein which depressing proliferation, migration, secretion and promoting differentiation were blocked, which had the positive correlation to the concentration of added anti body. The studies showed two combinant CREG promoted VSMC switch to differentiation phaenotype, at the same time, depress VSMC proliferation, migration and secreting extracellular matrix.

上述实验结果证实：两种重组CREG蛋白对VSMC增殖均有剂量依赖性的抑制作用，并且相同浓度的糖基化的CREG蛋白对细胞增殖的抑制效应更为显著，最佳效应浓度为400nM；2两种重组CREG蛋白添加后对HITASY和OB2细胞生物学行为的影响：①CREG蛋白对VSMC迁移的影响：刮伤实验发现，加入最佳效应浓度的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白24h后，OB2组迁移能力下降，HITASY组无明显变化；细胞外基质金属蛋白酶-2，9(Matrix metallo-proteinase 2，9，MMP2 ，9)明胶酶电泳检测和Western blot检测结果证实，两种CREG蛋白均可以使OB2细胞合成细胞外基质MMP2，9减少，而组织金属蛋白酶抑制物(Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases，TIMPs)增加；②CREG蛋白对VSMC分化的影响：加入400nM的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白12h后，OB2细胞myocardin、SMα-actin、MHC、caldesmin表达增加，LM-1、FN表达减少；③流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和BrDU染色分析证实，加入400nM的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白后，OB2组G0/G1期细胞由0.5308分别增加至0.5773和0.5572，HITASY组G0/G1期细胞由0.6297分别增加至0.7369和0.7034；3M6P/IGF2R在重组CREG蛋白的生物学功能中的调控作用：①免疫共沉淀和免疫荧光双染色分析结果显示，CREG蛋白与M6P/IGF2R存在直接结合；②应用抗体阻断实验：将不同浓度的anti- M6P/IGF2R(2、4、8μg /mL)与两种CREG蛋白同时加入培养液中，CREG蛋白抑制VSMC增值、迁移和合成细胞外基质、促进分化的效应减弱，而且与加入anti- M6P/IGF2R浓度正相关。

By applying electromagnetic vibration on solidification front of Sn-10Pb alloy,creation of equiaxed grain zone in ...

在低强度电磁振荡条件下，凝固组织细化和等轴晶化的原因是：电磁振荡力对金属初生晶的周期性拉伸、压缩、剪切、折弯、扭转等机械作用，使其出现断裂和剥落，增加形核数量；电磁振荡的局部搅拌作用使固/液界面前沿的温度和成分趋于均匀化，导致梯度降低，抑制了柱状晶的生长。

According to the variation in the components of intermediateacid igneous rocks coming from the lower crust, it is possible to restrain the depth of the source area and the minimum thickness of the crust, and thus to provide important information for the study of the deep process of the continental intraplate mineralizationGlobally, many world level porphyry copper deposits and metallogenic systems formed by hypabyssal hot liquid have their close relationship with the synchronous adakite in spacetime and genesis; domestically, the adakitelike rocks have been identified to be related to the metallogenesis in the main metallogenic areas in ChinaThe recognition of adakitelike rocks having no relationship with the process of subduction makes it possible to construct a metallogenic model of continental intraplate porphyry metal deposits by combining other geological evidences, and this model is totally different from the metallogenic model of porphyry copper deposits with Bsubduction setting constructed by Sillitoe (1972)The existence of adakitelike rocks may be the necessary condition but not the sufficient one for forming the largescale porphyry deposits and the hypabyssal hotliquid deposits, whose metallogenic elements mainly came from the mantleThe metallogenic potential of adakitelike rocks is achieved by the entering of the mantle material, and the metallogenic specialization of adakitelike rocks is decided by the distribution characteristics of the metallogenic elements in the upper mantleAn important reason for the adakitelike magma related to subduction being advantageous to mineralization is that there were abundant high pressure and high temperature liquid coming from the subducted platepieces and the magma of high fO2 coming from the melting of subducted platepiecesHowever, for those adakitelike rocks, whose occurrence has continental plate background but does not relate to the subduction, their metallogenic mechanism is not clear yetBased on the concept of modern mineral exploration and combined with the analysis of integrated geological information, we may better realize the practical prospecting significance of the adakitelike rocks

根据起源于下地壳的中酸性岩浆岩的成分变化，可以约束其源区深度以及地壳最小厚度，为大陆板内成矿作用的深部过程研究提供重要信息。全球范围内，许多世界级斑岩铜矿和浅成热液矿化系统与同期的埃达克质岩存在密切的时空与成因联系，在国内主要成矿区带也识别出与金属成矿作用有关的埃达克岩。与俯冲过程无关的埃达克质岩的识别，使我们有可能结合其他地质证据构建完全不同于Sillitoe(1972)B型俯冲环境的斑岩铜矿成矿模式的大陆板内斑岩型金属矿床成矿模式。对于规模巨大、矿质主要源自地幔的热液矿床的形成，埃达克岩可能是必要条件，但不是充分条件。埃达克岩的成矿潜力通过地幔物质加入而获取，埃达克岩的成矿专属性由上地幔成矿元素分布特征决定。与俯冲有关的埃达克质岩浆之所以有利于成矿，重要的原因是存在大量来自俯冲板片的高压、高温流体以及俯冲板片熔融形成高氧逸度(fO2)的熔体，但产出在大陆板内背景、与俯冲无关的埃达克岩的成矿机制还不清楚。根据现代资源勘查理念，结合综合地质信息分析，埃达克质岩具有实际找矿意义。

The result shows that modification can make the β-Si phase thin when the joining amount is 0.3wt%, making the best modification result. Alloying elements Mn and Ni are always used to neutralize iron"s harm in aluminum alloys. They can form many kinds of complicated metallically compounds with Fe and Al, and eliminate needle-like iron-rich phases to reduce iron"s harm in Al-Fe alloy. Copper makes the alloy microstructure thick and electromagnetic stirring obviously makes the alloy microstructure thin, round the second phase, when the stirring voltage is 200V, making the best result; Reheat makes liquid phases emerge in the alloy, when the warming temperature is 650?

研究结果表明：红磷可以明显细化合金中的初晶硅，当加入量为0.3wt%时，取得最佳变质效果；锰、镍合金中加入后，通过形成多种复杂金属间化合物，细化针片状富铁相，减小铁对铝硅合金性能的危害；铜使合金微观组织发生粗化；电磁搅拌明显细化合金组织，使第二相圆整化，搅拌电压为200V时，取得最佳细化效果；二次加热使合金组织中产生部分液相，在650？

The thesis are divided into two parts. In the first part, we used 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as the precursor to react with sodium which have been achieved by decomposing sodium hydrate at 623 K. At a low reaction temperature of 623 K, carbon nitride nanosphere、porous carbon nitride material and byproduct sodium chloride, would be produced.

本研究将分成两部份，第一部分是在低温下(623 K)将氢化钠粉末热裂解，生成表面积较大的熔融态金属钠，使气态的氰尿醯氯通入与熔融态金属钠在623 K反应，生成奈米氮化碳球、奈米孔洞性氮化碳材料及副产物氯化钠。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。