使金属化

A novel method of surface metallization for polymers----reduction method was found recently.

化学还原法是一种使高分子材料表面金属化的新方法。

The results showed that the TiN andN films are polycrystalline phase. The properties and structure of TiN films are mainly determined by the N2 mass flow rate, and as the N2 mass flow rate increases, the structure of the TiN films transforms to f.c.c. type leading to better the properties of films. The presence of negative bias voltage can optimize the grain of TiN films, lower the defect proportion and denser the films, which improves the hardness of films. The TiN films conform to the free carrier absorption mechanism and there are many of free electrons with lower N content in TiN films. With the increase of N content, the quantity of free electrons and reflectivity of films decrease, and the plasma frequence shifts to the lower energy, which leads to the regular change of colors of films from silver, yellowy, golden to yellow-red, meanwhile the lightness of films decreases. The goldenN film consists of TiN and ZrN phase, but belongs to a sigle f.c.c. structure with (111) preferred orientation. The Zr-doping dosen't change the position of the valance band, conduction band and forbidden band ofN film, but leads to the presence of new energy levels, which is the reason thatN film remains golden. The transparent hard films with good corrosion resistance and high hardness have been prepared and the further reseachs showed that the grain size of those films is by far smaller than the wave length and the width of forbidden band of those films is very broad, is the reasons that those films are transparent.

研究表明：氮化钛和N 薄膜为多晶态，氮流量决定了氮化钛薄膜的结构和性能，增加氮流量能使氮化钛薄膜的结构向面心立方结构转变，从而得到性能良好的氮化钛薄膜；施加负偏压能优化氮化钛晶粒和减少薄膜中的缺陷，使膜层变得更致密，从而提高薄膜硬度；氮化钛主要遵循自由载流子光吸收，氮含量较少时薄膜中的自由电子数目较多，随着氮含量的增加，薄膜中的自由电子数目不断减少，反射率逐渐降低，等离子体频率向低能端移动，从而使薄膜颜色出现规律变化，由金属色银白色到淡黄、金黄再到红黄，并且薄膜亮度呈下降趋势；金黄色的N 薄膜中存在TiN 和ZrN 的分离相，但其为单一的面心立方结构并具有(111)面择优取向；相对于TiN 薄膜，Zr 掺杂后，并没有使薄膜的导带、价带和禁带发生变化，只是在TiN 禁带内增加了新能级，这也正是掺杂Zr 后，薄膜仍

The silver nanoparticles modified by oleic acid were successfully synthesized by the replacement reaction of silver nitrate with metal sodium in decalin, and the reaction was achieved via ultrasonic irradiation.

在有机介质十氢化萘中，以金属钠、硝酸银和油酸钠为起始原料，通过超声辐射使金属钠和硝酸银发生置换反应，成功制备了油酸表面修饰的Ag纳米微粒。

After testing the sensing properties of the different thickness of Fe-C film,a new way was proposed to monitor corrosion quantitatively,a conclusion was drawn that the ion sputtering Au was the best way to metallize the fiber core,which should be helpful for the future research of the optical fiber corrosion sensor with Fe-C alloy film.

结果表明，通过离子溅射金使纤芯金属化是一个相对较好的方法，这为Fe-C合金膜光纤腐蚀传感器的进一步发展开启了新思路。标签光纤光学 Fe-C合金膜制备腐蚀实验定量监测 fiber optics fabrication of Fe-C alloy film corrosion test quantitative monitoring

It was found that even in strong oxidizing atmosphere,the reoxidation of reduced iron can be avoided or decreased obviously by a covering coal layer with only 10-15 mm in thickness,so that the metallization of DRI may exceed 95%in a wide range of operation parameters.

试验结果表明，在完全燃烧的强氧化气氛中，仅用10-15 mm的碳粒层就可有效地防止或明显减缓炉气对炉料的氧化，使海绵铁的金属化率在较宽的工艺参数范围内稳定地达到90 ％以上，甚至超过95 ％。

Ceramic bearings can produce oxidation-ho, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and so on, diameter from 3mm-50mm, precision Machinable P0, P6, P5 level; its performance characteristics are: high temperature, oil-free self-lubricating, acid, alkali and salt corrosion , wear resistance, low noise, insulating diamagnetic, since high-speed operation; metal nano-ceramic bearing its production process for a new generation of high content of nano-particles in the heat and pressure infiltration of metal surface is activated to fill the cracks and pits the metal so that 3-5 micron metal surface is more smooth solid surface, greatly reduce the friction, improve Chennai base metals, and greatly increased the life span of bearings, and its characteristics are: long life (as an ordinary stainless steel bearings 2 -- 10-fold), low noise (as an ordinary stainless steel bearings, 70%), wear-resisting, acid, alkali, salt corrosion, high temperature, load large; ceramic bearing and metal nano-ceramic bearing design and development to meet the needs of the market for high-speed, low - noise, high load, the demand for corrosion-resistant; Machinery Production Department to produce aircraft rod end joint bearing, linear guide bearings, the fuel tank of earrings, plastic bearing, non-standard side bearing components, glass door hardware, such as high-precision control products; and provide CNC machining.

陶瓷轴承可生产氧化镐、碳化硅、氮化硅等，内径从3mm-50mm，精度可加工P0、P6、P5级；其性能特点为：耐高温、无油自润滑、耐酸、碱、盐腐蚀、耐磨、低噪音、绝缘抗磁、起高速运转；金属纳米陶瓷轴承其生产工艺为新一代的高含量纳米级微粒在热和压力的作用下被激活渗入金属表面，填补金属缝隙和凹坑，使金属表面3-5微米表面更光滑坚固，大大降低其摩擦力，提高金属的奈酸碱性，并大大提高了轴承的寿命，其特性为：长寿命（为普通不锈钢轴承的2-10倍）、低噪音（为普通不锈钢轴承的70%）、耐磨、耐酸、碱、盐腐蚀、耐高温、负载大；陶瓷轴承与金属纳米陶瓷轴承的设计开发以满足市场对高转速、低噪音、高负载、耐腐蚀的需求；机械生产部以生产机杆端关节轴承、直线导轨轴承、油缸耳环、塑料轴承、非标端轴承零部件、玻璃门控五金等高精度产品；并对外提供数控加工。

The shift to metallised NatureFlex meets one of Twinings' aims to use more sustainable packaging materials, enabling consumers to cut waste.

对金属化的NatureFlex转移符合唐宁'目标之一，使用比较可持续的包装材料，使消费者能够减少浪费。

Photoelectric materials with organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite structure are novel molecular-scale composites through organic and inorganic compounds self-assembling.The layered perovskite framework comprised of metal halide octahedra provides a distinct set of advantages including good electrical mobility, mechanical and thermal stability,while organic component offers a number of useful properties including structural diversity and ease of processing et al.

有机/无机杂化钙钛矿结构光电功能材料是通过有机分子与无机分子的自组装形成的一类新型的分子复合晶体材料，无机金属卤化物构成的钙钛矿结构提供了有序的载流子传输网络并提高杂化材料的机械稳定性和热稳定性，而有机组份的功能性和易加工性使杂化材料具有光电功能和大面积成膜性能。

The results show that WO_3 can be nitrided in the mixture gas of hydrogen and nitrogen, and ...

结果表明，WO3可以在氢氮混合气中被还原氮化；氮化反应分两段进行；在氢氮体积比(4～5)∶1，反应温度650℃的条件下，WO3可以被还原为产物W2N；在不同氢氮比的混合气中氮化，WO3会生成不同的中间产物WO2和WOXNY，中间产物WOXNY进一步氮化生成W2N要比WO2容易；助剂Ni的加入使氮化反应温度降低了100℃；载体γ-Al2O3的加入使金属氧化物的氮化过程变为一步氮化还原反应。

A thin film of titanium carbide is obtained by vacuum evaporating oftitanium. With diffusion treatment, the existance of titanium carbide is identified by X-raydiffraction analysis. Quantatitive analysis is made by XPS to invetigate diffusion ofcarbon atom between diamond and titanium film.

用真空蒸镀法在金刚石表面镀覆Ti层，并经扩散处理使金刚石表面形成TiC膜，实现了金刚石表面的金属化。X射线衍射分析证实了TiC的存在，利用XPS定量分析验证了在金刚石表面碳原子与钛镀层之间的反应扩散模型。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。