使退火

First, the solid ice on the surface could have been annealed, meaning that its temperature could have been raised above the78 Kelvin mark to allow the amorphous ice to recrystallize.

首先，表面的固体冰曾经退火过，也就是说其温度曾升高至78K以上使无定型冰重新结晶。

Besides, annealing also smoothes the film surface and enhances the density and refractive index of the films.

退火处理使薄膜的表面粗糙度降低、致密度增加、折射率增大。

Compared with polycrystalline Cu, the as-cast single crystal copper shows better plasticity and extensibility, and has a lower electricity resistance. Its elongation of cold rolling can reach 6100% without any cracks in the edges. The single crystal copper exhibits more serious work hardening in wiredrawing. The plasticity and ...

结果表明：和多晶铜相比，单晶铜在铸态时具有良好的塑性和较低的电阻率，并具有优异的室温延展性，其延伸率可达 6 10 0 %以上；冷拉拔加工后单晶铜表现出更大的加工硬化现象，但采用合理的退火工艺可使其加工硬化得到缓解。

The cause of the "red shift"of the absorption bands of Cr3+is discussed in the point of crystal field.

并且从晶格场的角度讨论了退火使Cr3+离子的吸收带发生&红移&的原因。

For hard to soften some of the alloy annealed in the quenching after the regular use of high-temperature tempering, so that the appropriate aggregation carbide steel, will reduce the hardness to cut processing of caliche.

对于退火难以软化的某些合金钢，在淬火后常采用高温回火，使钢中碳化物适当聚集，将硬度降低，以利切削加工。

We also found the charged exciton luminescence is enhanced in the samples with proper annealing.

对ZnCdSe单量子阱，我们还观察到适当的退火条件能使荷电激子效应增强。

For a variety of hybrid flexible flowshop process route of the problem of production scheduling, analysis of production process planning and shop scheduling system integration principle, set up the target model, by a simple genetic algorithm to improve, in the integrated model set up based on the algorithm research, put the post-evolutionary genetic algorithm and improved simulated annealing algorithm an organic combination of algorithm optimization mechanism to enable the integration and optimization of the structure complement each other to form a more efficient hybrid optimization algorithm, and to solve the problem.

针对混合柔性流水车间多种工艺路线的生产调度问题，分析了生产工艺计划与车间调度系统的集成原理，建立目标模型，通过将简单遗传算法加以改进，在建立集成模型的基础上，对算法进行研究，把进化后的遗传算法和改进的模拟退火算法有机结合，使算法优化机制融合和优化结构互补，形成较为高效的混合优化算法，并对问题进行求解。

By means of magnetically controlled reaction and sputtering process, metal tin is oxidized, and tin oxide film in nano level is formed on silicon chip and further oxidized and annealed to form the nano crystal particle tin oxide film. The nano crystal particle tin oxide film has the features of great specific surface area, homogeneous thickness, high surface smoothness, high sensitivity, high stability and others.

本发明采用磁控反应溅射方法使金属锡氧化，在硅片上生成锡的纳米量级氧化物薄膜，再进一步氧化、退火，即可制造出纳米晶粒氧化锡薄膜，该氧化锡纳米敏感薄膜具有氧化锡颗粒度小，比表面积大，厚度均匀等特点，且表面平整度高，在100倍显微镜下观察没有裂痕，有利于提高气敏传感器的灵敏度和稳定性，通过溅射时间严格地控制膜厚，可重复性高，适合于批量生产。

In shaft hole ensures the key requirement in coaxiality of holes.

采用国际领先的制造工艺，端板与桶体的焊接加工均采用整体退火处理，防止焊接后的&应力变形&；利用大型镗床加工端板轴孔，确保了轴孔的同轴度的关键要求，使产品的

We use the total annealing process on the welding of end plate and body, to prevent the stress and deformation incurred by welding. The usage of boring lathe in shaft hole ensures the key requirement in coaxiality of holes. All these advanced manufacturing arts enhance the precision of performance and

采用国际领先的制造工艺，端板与桶体的焊接加工均采用整体退火处理，防止焊接后的&应力变形&；利用大型镗床加工端板轴孔，确保了轴孔的同轴度的关键要求，使产品的精度得以大幅度提高，关键部件的使用寿命大大延长。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。