使转变方向

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

Quoting literary giants verbatim may appear DWEM-ish and snobbish by present-day standards, but in the age of ours when science and technology dictate, Johnson's compendium of examples gives the reader a sense of transcendence over what is mundane and mechanical, doing credit to the sagacity of remarkable "wet ware" and breathing some uplifting air into the ambient feculence .

注意 "to breathe a fresh air into something"这个"pattern"。意思是加进一些"新"东西，使"原来"的东西向好的方向转变。在这里则是说，如果过分强调科技，忘了最终决定"未来"的人脑因素，就会造成一个充满垃圾的世界。而文学巨匠们的话，就算一言片语，也能起到净化和提升的效果。

The development directions of liquor-making industry in China in the years to come are as follows:①Hold fast the viewpoint of scientific development depending on intellectuals and make liquor products more safe, healthy and nutrient through scientific research and strict management;②Proper understanding the relation between total quantity control and sustainable development and make full use of enterprise potentials to realize rapid development by catching hold of each favorable opportunity;③Proper understanding the deep meanings of "Transition from ordinary liquor into quality liquor" and make a search for new economic growth patterns;④The development of liquor flavoring types should meet market requirements and certain innovations should be done to emphasize on liquor quality and liquor individuality.

中国白酒的发展方向：①坚持以人为本的科学发展观，通过科学研究和严格管理使白酒产品更加卫生、安全、有营养；②正确理解总量控制和持续发展的关系，向内挖潜力，向外抓机遇，抓住机遇发展自己；③正确理解"普通酒向优质酒转变"的内涵，寻求新的经济增长方式；④白酒香型的发展应适应市场，有所创新，注重酒体的优良及酒品的个性。

We also find that the metal-to-semiconductor transition can be driven by squashing the armchair nanotube along any direction. In case one starts with squashing the tube along a direction that preserves the mirror symmetry, all that needs to be done is to squash the tube to a larger extent, to a point where spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs.

我们并且发现沿任何方向压缩 armchair 碳纳米管都能够使其发生金属-半导体转变，即使我们在开始压缩碳纳米管时保持了其镜像对称性，我们所需要做的只是更大程度的压缩碳纳米管，直到出现镜像对称性的自发破缺。

This thesis presents a review of Schopenhauerism from the subjectivity point of view. By assigning the irrational will as the subject, Schopenhauerism changes the nature of subjectivity, and transfers the rational subjectivity guided by rational factors to the will subjectivity guided by the irrational factors. That makes for the harmonious development of subjectivity under both rational and irrational effect, therefore effectively keeps the subjectivity from swelling as might result from the mounting of the power of reason, thus illuminates a new way for the development of the thought of subjectivity.

本文从主体性思想的角度，考察了叔本华哲学，认为叔本华通过把非理性的意志确立为主体，转变了主体性的性质，把原本以理性为主导因素的理性主体性转变成了以非理性因素为主导的意志主体性，使主体性在理性和非理性的共同作用下协调发展，有效地避免了因理性力量的增长而导致的主体性膨胀，从而为已濒临绝境的主体性思想指出了新的发展方向。

In order to avoid the ill infection, the thesis put forward the countermeasures: changing the government's function, improving the mechanism of evaluation about Levy upon ground and housebreaking, the property exchange should exchange the original address'property. The problem of farmer who loses ground is a serious factor that produces inharmonic society. In order to avoid the ill infection, the thesis put forward the countermeasures: the farmer should be guaranteed by the lowest life guarantees, establishment and perfect the system of farmer's endowment insurance and medicare, establishment and perfect the education and the training mechanisms of farmers who have no ground. The problem of housing that the people who have no money or a little money is the other factor that produces inharmonic society. The thesis put forward the principle of the countermeasures: one is there is house for the people who no money or have a little money for house to live; one is that the countermeasures dont affect the marketization of the housing reform. According to the principle,the thesis put forward the approach:improving on the economical-housing policy,extending low-cost house policy,the rental allowance should mainly for money.

针对西部地区房地产业发展中影响西部地区和谐发展的两大主要因素—征地拆迁和公共住房保障问题进行了专题分析，提出了解决拆迁问题的对策是转变政府职能、改进拆迁评估机制并遵循产权调换应该以原址调换的原则；为解决失地农民长期生活保障，本文提出了把失地农民纳入最低生活保障制度的保障范围，建立和完善失地农民养老、医疗保障制度，建立和完善失地农民的教育和培训机制等主张；针对西部地区公共住房问题，本文提出了使西部地区广大中低收入群众居者有其屋、不影响西部地区房地产改革市场化方向发展原则为解决对策，并提出了在这个原则下的具体解决途径：改进经济适用房政策，扩大廉租房供应对象，廉租房补贴形式以货币补贴为主，让受补贴对象自由选择现有市场存量房或新建廉租住房房源。

In this paper,a new method is proposed for synthesizing arbitrarily desired pattern for linear geometry array with nonisotropic elements, and with nonuniform spacing between elements.

提出一种综合具有任意需要方向图的包含非各向同性和非均匀间隔的线性阵列的新方法。该方法的基本思想在于将综合问题转变为一个半无穷维二次优化模型：在一组线性泛约束条件下使权矢量的范数最小。

At the same time, the new organizational structure design is designed to provide the highly centralized management pattern to the shift in the direction of decentralization, which effectively mobilizes the enthusiasm of the professional managers.

与此同时，通过新的组织架构设计，使中晨集团高度集权的管理模式向分权的方向转变，有效地调动了职业经理们的工作积极性。

Globalisation, it seems, leads to a shift in the direction of "replacement fertility": the rate at which the size of a population eventually stabilises.

看起来，是全球化导致了&更替生育率&——使人口最终稳定下来的生育率——方向的转变。

Also the multi-scale entropy processing and analysis of conductance fluctuating signals acquired by VMEA sensor for five flow patterns with water as the continuous liquid are conducted. The study result indicates that the increase of f o makes oil in water type slug flow occur at lower U sg; for low flow velocity, the continuous liquid inversion occurs at about f o=0.9 and the increase of U sg makes the inversion point move to low oil volume fraction; the multi-scale entropy detail describes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of oil-gas-water flow patterns and the rate of MSE at low scales sensitively indicates the variation of flow patterns and can act as the efficient criterion of three-phase flow patterns identification.

对水为连续相的5种流型VMEA传感器波动信号进行了多尺度熵分析，研究结果表明：含油率增加可使水包油段塞流在较低气相表观速度下产生；较低流速下的油水相态逆转可发生在油液比为0.9左右，气相流速增加使得逆转点向含油率低的方向偏移；多尺度熵细节可以刻画油气水三相流非线性动力学特性，而低尺度的多尺度熵变化率敏感地反映流型转变，是划分油气水三相流流型的有效准则。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。