使腐败

Lord Acton of England once said, Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.

英国阿克顿男爵曾说：「权力使人腐败，绝对的权力使人绝对的腐败。

Under these formulas, we can obviously find high salary system do increase corruption cost, especially preparation cost and punitive cost, give the other variants unchanged, it leads to the decrease of general amount of corruption. So high salary system do good to the formation of a clean politics, as to those potential corruption group, they may give up corruption deal as their requirement has been satisfied. At the same time, because of the increase of corruption cost, as the selfish humanism attribution, those officials who implement pubic power will carry on rational choice, and abandon corruption attempt.

在这些公式下，我们可以清楚地看到，高薪养廉在预备成本和处罚成本两方面提高了了腐败成本，在其它变量不变情况下将导致腐败数量减少，因而高薪制度对于养廉是有效，它以使一部分潜在腐败者因需求得到满足而放弃腐败，并且它还通过增加腐败成本来作用于私人群，使手握公权力人们在私本质作用下趋利避害而放弃腐败企图。

China is in the transition from its planned economy to a socialist market economy,many of its current systems are yet to be improved,and there are vestiges of feudalist ideas that have existed for thousands of years,all these have given corruption a hot bed to breed and spread and have made it more

中国正处于计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变的时期，各个方面的制度还很不完善，再加上中国几千年封建社会残余思想存在，这就使腐败滋生蔓延，也加大了反腐的难度。

China is in the transition from its planned economy to a socialist market economy,many of its current systems are yet to be improved,and there are vestiges of feudalist ideas that have existed for thousands of years,all these has given corruption a hot bed to breed and spread and has made it more difficult for us to fight corruption.

中国正处于计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变的时期，各个方面的制度还很不完善，再加上中国几千年封建社会残余思想存在，这就使腐败滋生蔓延，也加大了反腐的难度。

China is in the transition from itsplanned economy to a socialist market economy,many of its current systems are yet to be improved,and there are vestiges of feudalist ideas that have existed for thousands of years,all these has given corruption a hot bed to breed and spread and has made it more difficult for us to fight corruption.

中国正处于计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变的时期，各个方面的制度还很不完善，再加上中国几千年封建社会残余思想存在，这就使腐败滋生蔓延，也加大了反腐的难度。

Deng's idea of systematic combating corruption terminates the viewpoint that corruption should be regarded as an ideological or interclass conflict; it reveals the importance of combating corruption and accelerates the great change of fighting against power corruption to system corruption.

邓小平提出的制度反腐思想第一次从理论上结束了把腐败现象看作是一种思想作风问题或阶级斗争的表现，深刻揭示了制度反腐的重要性，推动了我国反腐败斗争从权力反腐到制度反腐的重大转变，实现了反腐理论的新飞跃，提出了不搞运动，从建立健全制度入手解决腐败现象的新路子；邓小平提出的："一手抓改革开放，一手抓惩治腐败"的两手抓思想，使经济建设和廉政建设并重，确保了社会主义现代化事业的顺利进行；邓小平提出的反腐败"还是要靠法制，法制靠得住些"的思想，使廉政建设在社会主义法制的基础上，真正做到"有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究，"逐步实现了依靠法制和制度而不是人治来解决党风廉政建设的问题。

Then, face corrupt action, a lot of people although detest, but the courage that hits out without the front however, such awkwardness is as rare as what be ready to help others for a just cause be short of be exactly the same -- as a result of corruption person often mastering more substantial society natural resources, the risk that informs against corrupt place to want to assume more very at be ready to help others for a just cause, because lack enough and effective protection, homiletic enough of blood makes the successor flinchs.

于是，面对腐败行为，很多人虽然深恶痛绝，但却没有正面出击的勇气，这样的尴尬与见义勇为的稀缺如出一辙——由于腐败者往往掌握着更为丰富的社会资源，举报腐败所要承担的风险更甚于见义勇为，因为缺少足够有效的保护，血的教训足以使后来者望而却步。

These theories respectively are the governing theory, liability-control theory and trust-deputize theory. The reason why we choose these theory to analyses the problem of incorruptible style supervision system construction of China customs is that the China customs, in theory, ignored the governing of bureaucracy, incompatible the liability-control, and the problem of asymmetry information. Because of the problem of concerning above, in reality, China customs should be appear the problem like feebleness of power of uprightness lead, weakness of superior supervision, catabolizing of polity power, the emptiness of same grade supervision, and failure of incorruptible supervision.

本文认为从这些理论视角出发，我国海关在理论上正是由于不重视科层之间的治理，责任控制无法相互对应，和委托代理产生的信息不对称的问题，而在实践中必然出现现行廉政监督机制的制度缺陷：垂直领导体制下的集权弱化，上级监督&虚监&问题；监督组织政治权威的异化，同级监督&弱监&问题；基层单位高度集权体制下的监督虚化，内部监督&漏监&问题；惩罚失当使腐败收益上升成本降低，廉政监督&失灵&问题等四个方面的弊端。

Firstly, after I hackled multitudinous conception of corruption, I think the essence of corruption is that national missionaries wield public power that is entrusted by the people unlawfully so that national missionaries and their relatives get lawless interests. My point of view is to manage state affairs by laws.

首先，梳理众多的腐败概念，从依法治国的角度提出作者对腐败的定义，认为&腐败&是指国家工作人员通过不正当运用被委托的公共权力使自己或亲信获得非法利益的行为。

Based on my experience in both government and business, I believe a successful modern economy needs the following:a transparent system of laws and regulations that are enforced fairly, eliminating opportunities for corruption and favoritism;protection of property right, so that people an keep the fruits of ther labor and build for the future for themselves and their children; a pricing system reflecting supply and demand of individual consumers and businesses, not state-imposed diktats.

依我在政府和商业领域的经验，我认为，现代化的经济要取得成功，需要法律和法规透明，执法公正，使腐败和偏袒现象无法生根发芽。需要有对财产权的保护，是人民可以保有自己的劳动成果并为自己及子女建设未来。要有能够反映出个人消费者和企业供需状况的价格体系，而不是由政府对价格强加的统治令。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。