使能够

In the research of prescription, through the experiments we knew the influence from the Nb_2O_5 or Y_2O_3 single donor doped on high-temperature PTC ceramic, and got the curve graph drawing the resistivity and mixing quantity. In order to restrain lead volatilize and mix the rang of donors to neutralization the harmful acceptor impurity in raw materials, adopt the prescription design of Nb_2O_5 and Y_2O_3 double donors-doped. From the result, we know that regulation proportion of Nb , Y double donors, can make high-temperature PTC ceramics semiconducting, the pottery demonstrates good electric performance.

为了能够更有效的抑制铅挥发，并且使掺杂范围能够更好的调节，以"中和"原材料中的有害受主杂质，在配方设计中采用了Nb_2O_5和Y_2O_3双施主掺杂的配方，由结果可知，适当的调节Nb、Y双施主掺杂总量及Nb、Y掺杂比例，可以使高温PTC陶瓷充分的半导化，陶瓷表现出良好的电性能。

Firstly, oscilloscope control system based on GPIB technique is presented with friendly operation environment to the HIFU system, and it uses multithreading technique in programming to realize real-time recording and display of the signal; Secondly, temperature collection and data recording system is designed, which also could get real-time recording and display of the 16 channel temperature signal, and it's believed to be of great use for further experiments of the HIFU system; Thirdly, multiple ultrasonic phased array's phase shifter is designed,which could provide 8-bit phase control in a range of frequency where the centrical frequency is 1MHZ. Fourthly, the module of serial communication is realized to insure the communication between devices and computer, including both synchronous and asynchronous communication, which enables the system to transfer data reliably and stably; Finally, the module of digital quantity control is accomplished, which provide for upper application the consistent solution to the control of exterior devices via digital interface. It can get or set the devices state using interrupt mode to receive input signal or send output signal.

主要有以下几个方面：设计了基于GPIB的示波器控制系统，给课题的研究工作提供了一个良好的环境，它采用了多线程编程的方法，能够较好的实时显示当前波形并记录数据；设计了温度采集和数据记录系统，能够对16路温度信号进行并行同步的实时采集，用于HIFU剂量学研究中温度场检测和医疗评价；设计了相控阵相位延时电路并且通过调试，满足了课题的相位控制的要求，在中心频率为1MHZ左右的频率范围内都能够达到8-bit相位控制；实现了串口通讯模块，为各项设备与计算机之间的通讯提供保证，它提供同步和异步的通讯能力，使系统能够可靠稳定的传输数据；建立了数字量控制模块，为上层应用程序提供一致的方法使用数字接口控制外部仪器，它使用中断的方式来接收输入或输出设定的开关量信号，从而得到或设定各种仪器的状态。

The paper discusses in great details the historical conditions required for such formation. For instance, the scientific advances in Pre-Qin period allowed the codes of conducts of human beings to be established based on the mastering of the pattern of cause and effect; the division of labor had assisted the formation of technological workers'professional lives; maturation of ethical cerebration permitted the thinkers to introduce ethical theories so as to solve problems in scientific and technological ethical realms.

论文具体分析了古代科技伦理形成的历史条件，如先秦科学技术的进步使人类的探索、改造自然的行为规范能够建立在对因果律理性把握的基础上；社会分工的发展使科技人员的职业生活形成；伦理思想的成熟使思想家能够运用伦理理论研究科技领域中的伦理问题。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

The article mainly analyzes how innovation affects the social welfare and makes some conclusions as follows: firstly, influences on the price and output of products of innovation by oneself are uncertain, but innovation can enhance social welfare when it reduces the product price or raises the price but diminishes the elasticity of inverse demand curve.

本文重点分析了企业创新对社会福利的影响，得出的主要结论如下：（1）独立创新对产品价格和产量的影响是不确定的，但当创新使产品价格下降或者创新使产品价格上升且使反需求曲线的弹性变小时，独立创新能够增加社会福利；（2）联合创新能够降低每个企业的成本，增加企业的研发开支、产量和利润，因而联合创新有利于社会福利；（3）在考虑了创新的溢出效应后，存在一个外溢比率的帕累托最优区间，但我们必须在创新激励与社会福利之间做出权衡。

And chiefly you,O Spiri that dost prefer Before all temples th' upright heart and pure, Instruct me,for thou know'st; thou from the first Wast present,and,with mighty wings outspred, Dovelike sat' st brooding on the vast abyss, And mad'st it pregnant:what in me is dark Illumine; What is now,raise and support; That to the height of this great argument I may asset Eternal Providence, And jusitfy the ways of God to men.

特别请您，圣灵呀！您喜爱公正和清洁的心胸，胜过所有的神殿。请您教导我，因为您无所不知；您从太初便存在，张开巨大的翅膀，象鸽子一样孵伏那洪荒，使它怀孕，愿您的光明照耀我心中的蒙昧，提举而且撑持我的卑微；使我能够适应这个伟大主题的崇高境界，使我能够阐明永恒的天理，向世人昭示天道的公正。

In order to be able to drive three separated speed controllers I wanted to be able to isolate the output stages of the controllers to prevent possible unpredictable high current loops between circuits, this also allows us to run one or multiple batteries safely so I experimented with some designs, The opto isolator device (4N35) can be inserted at various strategic parts of the circuit and in fact it is often at the front end at the receiver input but I chose to isolate just the output stage as I will be adding the other channel circuitry to the same receiver and battery eliminator circuit voltage rails.

在为了能够驱动器3分离速度控制器，我想能够隔离输出阶段的控制器，以防止可能出现难以预料的高电流环路之间的电路，这也使我们能够运行一个或多个电池安全，使i试行了一些设计，光电隔离器装置（ 4n35）可以插入各种战略的部分电路，并在事实上它往往是在前端，在接收器输入，但我选择了孤立刚输出阶段，因为我会加入其他渠道电路，同时接收器和电池消除电路的电压轨。

Whenever they penetrated our territory, they were faced with fierce resistance from Iraqi people, tribes, party members, Saddam's Fedayeen and security forces who performed a great task that suits their noble characters.Therefore, the enemy, after trying and failing to belittle your might, approached you from land as the situation is now. We should consider their approach as the best position for us to be in to have the enemy in a state which enables us to inflict heavy losses upon him. The enemy became embroiled in Iraq's sacred land, which is defended by a great people and an army with vast experience.

伟大的战士们，伟大的英雄们，要仇恨你们的敌人，最有勇气的伊拉克人民们，记住你们所承受的痛苦，尽可能的反击敌人，使他们不能够继续这场战争，使他们不可能继续犯下更多的罪行，针对我们所有的人民，你们将因此获得荣誉和胜利，真主会保佑大家，你们将因此获得崇高的荣誉，你们将教会给侵略者们最大的教训，尽力反击他们，使他们不能够再对人类犯下更多的罪行，尽可能的反击他们，你们就可以阻止邪恶的扩张。

Whenever they penetrated o ur territory, they were faced with fierce resistance from Iraqi people, tribes, party members, Saddam's Fedayeen and security forces who performed a great task that suits their noble characters.Therefore, the enemy, after trying and failing to belittle your might, approached you from land as the situation is now. We sh ould consider their approach as the best position for us to be in to have the en emy in a state which enables us to inflict heavy losses upon him. The enemy beca me embroiled in Iraq's sacred land, which is defended by a great people and an a rmy with vast experience.

伟大的战士们，伟大的英雄们，要仇恨你们的敌人，最有勇气的伊拉克人民们，记住你们所承受的痛苦，尽可能的反击敌人，使他们不能够继续这场战争，使他们不可能继续犯下更多的罪行，针对我们所有的人民，你们将因此获得荣誉和胜利，真主会保佑大家，你们将因此获得崇高的荣誉，你们将教会给侵略者们最大的教训，尽力反击他们，使他们不能够再对人类犯下更多的罪行，尽可能的反击他们，你们就可以阻止邪恶的扩张。

The hanging strip device includes: a hanging strip device main body; a winding section for performing the winding of the hanging strip; a winding auxiliary section, which is configured at a state that the rotation relative to the hanging strip device main body is limited and can move between the first preset position and the second preset position relative to the winding section, wherein, at the first preset position, the rotation of the winding section makes the hanging strip wrap is restricted, at a second preset position, the winding section can perform the drawing-out rotation for drawing out the hanging strip; a force applying part, which applies a press pressure to make the winding auxiliary section at the first preset position; and a convex part which allows the winding auxiliary section to be at preset point contact status relative to the hanging strip device main body when the winding auxiliary section is at the first preset position.

置在该吊带装置主体内，而且能够在第一预定位置和第二预定位置之间相对于上述卷绕部移动，其中，在上述第一预定位置，上述卷绕部的使上述吊带回绕的旋转被限制，在上述第二预定位置，上述卷绕部能够进行用于抽出吊带的抽出旋转；施力部，其施加将上述卷绕辅助部按压向上述吊带装置主体的按压力，以使该卷绕辅助部处于上述第一预定位置；和凸起部，其设置于上述卷绕辅助部或者上述吊带装置主体的任一方，在该卷绕辅助部处于上述第一预定位置时，上述凸起部使该卷绕辅助部相对于上述吊带装置主体成为预定的点接触状态

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。