使结晶

The results indicated that hydrogen bond and covalence bond were formed between PVA and TEOS through the sol-gel reaction.

结果表明PVA与无机相发生溶胶-凝胶反应生成氢键和共价键Si-O-Si，形成交联有机聚合物／无机杂化体系，使杂化膜的结晶度减少，控制了膜的溶胀，提高膜的溶解选择性能，但膜的溶胀减少会使通量有所下降。

On the other hand, with low process temperature and high Ar flow, the structure is amorphous due to significant energetic particle impingement and less diffusion energy by substrate heating. Phase transformation through process heating and post heat treatment were also discussed.

特别的是，利用高温镀膜制程(550~600aC)及低Ar气体流率(10~15 s.c.c.m)之制程控制，可使结构形成结晶状态，相反地，若使用低温镀膜制程(500~550aC)及高Ar气体流率(15~20 s.c.c.m)之参数控制，则使结构偏向非晶质化。

Under the effect of air pressure produced by air pump, Electronic Foamer makes the diluted carpet cleanser produceplentiful and high-density foam, which will make the dirt react with the cleanser. When the dirt comes into crystal and suspends on the carpet surface, one wet/dry vacuum cleaner is needed to suck the crystal away until perfectcleaning performance.

利用气泵产生气压的原理使按比例稀释的干泡地毯清洁剂在气压的作用下产生丰富的、高密度的泡沫，使地毯深层的污渍经干泡地毯清洁剂产生化学反应后，污渍微粒会结晶并悬浮于地毯表面上，用吸水或吸尘机吸去即可，从而达到理想的清洁效果。

In small batch bulk PP/ nucleator system, The nucleator TMB-5 was used as the impact modification for different small batch bulk PP045 and PP075 in the second part of the project.

通过XRD分析表明，β成核剂TMB—5的加入使小本体PP的结晶度提高，并对β-PP有诱导生成作用，同时发现对小本体075具有较好的增韧效果，但使其强度有所下降。

Through the experiments on hydration of AH in the following sulphate（Li_2SO_4、MgSO_4 、 Al_2(SO_4)_3 、MnSO_4 、CuSO_4 、CoSO4 、CdSO_4 、ZnSO_4 、NiSO_4 、FeSO_4）, dissoluble sulfate hydrate origining from hydration process of AH affects it's hydrous rate, hydrous rate of AH does not connect with Z/R of cation in stimulation, theory that Z/R affect hydrous rate of AH does not exist. Third, hydration of AH in dissoluble sulfate complies with dissolve-nucleate -grow theory, concentration of Ca~2+ from dissolving of CaSO_4 is higher than one of CaSO_4·2H_2O, calcium sulphate dihydrite gets a motivity of crystallization. dissoluble sulfate takes the following function: double-salt or dissoluble sulfate hydrate from hydration of AH in it becomes heterogeneous particle and a kind of nucleation catalyzer, and reduces surface barrier when DH becomes crystal because the crystal of DH precedently appears in uneven place. Results indicate hydration of AH does not conform with double-salt theory, but it conform with this mechanism: dissolve-nucleate-grow, formation of DH is an uneven nucleation and crystalizaion process.

通过对CaSO_4在Na_2SO_4 、K_2SO_4 、Rb_2SO_4 、Cs_2SO_4 、(NH_4)_2SO_4溶液中水化过程，以及CaSO_4·2H_2O、CaSO_4与以上硫酸盐反应速度、产物的研究，说明复盐理论不正确；CaSO_4在（Li_2SO_4、MgSO_4 、 Al_2(SO_4)_3 、MnSO_4 、CuSO_4 、CoSO_4 、CdSO_4 、ZnSO_4 、NiSO_4 、FeSO_4）溶液中水化，水化过程中硫酸盐水合物的析晶影响着无水硫酸钙水化，与激发剂阳离子Z/R值大小无关，阳离子的Z/R参数影响水化率的规律并不存在； 3、无水硫酸钙在可溶性硫酸盐中的水化按照溶解-成核-生长理论进行，CaSO_4达到溶解平衡时Ca~2+的浓度大于CaSO_4·2H_2O溶解平衡的Ca~2+的浓度，CaSO_4·2H_2O获得结晶的驱动力，可溶性硫酸盐起到形成晶核的作用：水化过程与CaSO_4生成复盐或析出水合物所形成的细小物相，作为异质微粒使母相中存在不均匀性，这些不均匀性有效地降低成核时的表面能位垒，使CaSO_4·2H_2O晶核优先地在这些具不均匀性的地方形成，因此这些物质起成核催化剂作用。

We used ITO glass substrate and high purity（99.99%） titanium , put to use sputtering process, add to high purity O2 make it complete the best structure film and the thickness about 1400 . By way of 500℃ anneal could got a better anatase phase, this result could easy reaction with electrolyte to increase electron-transferred. Used as spin casting covering PR on ITO substrate, transferring patterns of array circular shapes on a mask to photography, used optimize temperature and time to hard bake. Finally used HCl to etching underexposed TiO2 area, and acetone to tripper top PR, make it to accomplish pillars shape TiO2 electrode.

本研究使用ITO玻璃基板为底材在以高纯度钛(99.99%)为靶材，利用溅镀方式通入纯氧使其行成高纯度TiO2镀於ITO基板上行成厚度约1400的薄膜，且经500℃高温烧结使其行成最强的锐钛矿结晶相，此晶相有利於与电解液反应进而增加电子的转移，提升太阳能电池最佳的效率，在以旋转涂布方式铺上光阻，以矩阵排列的圆孔光罩曝光、最佳的温度及时间来烘烤、显影后；使用盐酸以等向性湿蚀刻方式蚀刻未曝光之TiO2区域，最后利用鈵铜将最上层光阻去除，使其行成柱状TiO2的电极。

The results show that the modificator Mg can cause thermodynamic undercooling , and it may absorb in the crystal faces of preferential growth of carbides, which can slow down carbides growing up on plate type and make them tend to be fine, isolated and passivated, and thus the impact toughness is improved greatly.

研究结果表明：在过共晶高铬白口铸铁结晶过程中，变质元素Mg不仅造成热力学过冷，而且Mg可能吸附于碳化物择优长大的晶面上，起到阻碍碳化物片状长大的作用，使碳化物趋于细小、孤立，且边部钝化，使冲击韧度显著提高。

Meanwhile, the surface layer gets fine crystal grain with dispersive and homogeneous distribution of WC grains and Co binder from rapid melting and resolidification during HIPIB irradiation. Minimizing the mean free path in Co binder by decreasing the WC grain size leads to an increase in resistance to plastic deformation in the binder.

HIPIB强烈非平衡作用下的重熔和再结晶使WC晶粒细化且分布更均匀，同时，表层析出弥散分布的Co_3w_9C_4相，使Co粘结相产生强化，导致Co粘结相的平均自由程降低，从而增强了Co粘结相抵抗塑性变形的能力，提高了辐照硬质合金的耐磨性能。

The features of carrier induction crystallization are that a large amount of the grains of suitable carrier are added in precipitation reaction system, the grains speed reaction up, precipitates sedimentate with the grains and the time of precipitation process is shorten.

载体诱导沉淀结晶技术的特点是在沉淀反应体系中人为地加入大量合适的诱晶载体粒子，使沉淀反应加速，并使沉淀物随诱晶载体粒子一起沉降，从而使化学沉淀工艺时间大大缩短。

The results showed the addition of PPS did not decrease the thermal performance but decreases the heat deformation temperature of PPES/PPS blends. The crystallinity of PPS was hindered with the increasing of PPES contents, the crystal lattice flaws of PPS occurred and the perfect spherocrystal could not appear when the mass fraction of PPES was 80%. The annealing process was favorable to the increase of the heat deformation temperature and the formation of perfect spherocrystal of PPS.

热失重研究表明，在所组成范围内PPS的加入并未降低共混物的热性能，但使共混物的热变形温度有所降低；PPES的加入使PPS的结晶受到阻碍，当PPES质量分数达80%时，PPS产生了晶格缺陷，从而不能形成完善的球晶，退火过程有利於提高共混物的热变形温度，使PPS形成更完善的球晶。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。