使结晶

Through survey carefully, we find that if depend on pouring velocity、structural shape of SEN entocoele、angle slope of outlet 、depth of infusion together to make the liquid steel in model revolution in an order flow then it can utilize this kind of energy completely.

通过仔细研究发现，只要依靠浸入式水口内腔结构形状、出口倾角、浸入深度以及浇注速度就可以使方坯连铸结晶器内钢水为旋转的涡流流动，把液态金属的流动动能利用起来。

In this case, the solidification of the liquid phase formed at the hipping temperature led to the formation of crystalline intergranular phases at all temperatures: however, the chemical compositions of the intergranular phases formed in the specimens with and without carbon additions were different, since for high carbon contents the resulting intergranular phase was observed to be richer in Yttrium(85% at Y/15% at Si).

在这种情况下，加压温度下液态产物的凝固在所有温度范围下都将生成间粒晶体：但是，是否添加了碳则将会使产物晶体的化学成分发生不同，因为在高碳含量下，产物晶体会更富含钇(85%Y比15%Si)另一方面，我们必须强调的时，如果Al2O3作为第三方物质加入反应混合物粉末中，那么产物晶体的结晶度将被破坏。

The results indicate that the surface of the steel wire becomes rugged in small size after the pretreatment which is very good for formation, solidification and crystallization of liquid Cu on the rugged surface of steel wire and also makes grain refinement of Cu steel inlaying each other on the interface with good bonding.

结果表明，经预处理的钢丝表面呈现细微的凸凹不平状态，特别有利于液态铜在钢丝表面异质形核、凝固、结晶，使铜和钢的晶粒在界面上相互镶嵌，达到良好结合。

Crystal structure of melilite is limited by MgO content of glazes, also restricted by O/Si ratio. Because of differences of ionic radius and ionic polarization capacity between Ca〓 and Mg〓, suitable O/Si ratio for melilite is influenced by content of CaO and MgO to a certain extent.

结晶釉中黄长石结构的出现，除了和MgO含量相关外，还受O/Si比值的限制；而Ca〓和Mg〓离子半径和离子间的极化能力的差异，使钙镁含量对形成黄长石结构的O/Si比值具有一定的影响。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

The coarse needle-like or nubby Al9FeNi phase existed in the cast microstructure of high content Fe and Ni alloy 2618(2#). After hot extrusion, it was broken into coarse multi-angle Al9FeNi particles. The contents of Fe and Ni have no effect on aging characteristic and the hardness of the alloy after aging.

含锆的高铁、镍2618合金经熔体高温过热处理后(4#)，在合金铸态组织中获得均匀细小的针片状Al_9FeNi相，热挤压后获得均匀细小的颗粒Al_9FeNi相；弥散Al_3Zr粒子的存在可使2618合金得到细小的再结晶晶粒组织，该合金既可获得较高的高温强度，还可获得较高的延伸率。

In this paper, we designed and synthesized a molecule of compound 1, 2-(benzooxazol-2-yl)-5-4-(3-(benzothiazol-2-yl) phenylamino-6--1,3,5-triazin-2-ylaminophenol, which can only assembled into an organogel upon a short irradiation with ultrasound in toluene-methanol mixed solvent. DSC, XRD and IR were used to detect the properties and mechanisms of the organogel.

本论文中，我们设计合成了一个有机小分子化合物1，4-氨基（2-羟基苯基）苯并噁唑3-氨基苯基苯并噻唑二辛基胺缩三聚氯嗪，研究发现，在甲苯/甲醇=1：2的混合溶剂中，只有利用超声才能使之形成凝胶，加热冷却的方法不能形成凝胶，而形成针状结晶。

The results show that, Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge brazing alloy is better, its melting temperature range is 446.76494.40 ℃, and the temperature interval between the solidus and the liquidus is 47.64 ℃. When the brazing temperature is in the range of 510550 ℃, the alloy has a good spreadability and wettability with Ni. Interface structure observation reveals that there is one continuous intermetallic layer between the brazing alloy and the base metal Ni when welding. X-ray energy spectrum analysis results show that the intermetallic layer is Ge3Ni5, and because of its brittleness, the overthick intermetallic layer will decrease the shear strength of the welding joint, therefore, the welding technology should be controlled so as to gain an ideal welding interface structure.

研究结果表明：Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge合金的性能较好，其熔化温度范围为446.76~494.40 ℃，结晶温度区间为47.64 ℃；焊接温度在510~550 ℃范围内时，Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge钎料合金与Ni基体具有良好的铺展性和润湿性，焊接时钎料合金与Ni基体之间形成了一条连续的金属间化合物层，能谱分析表明该金属间化合物层为Ge3Ni5，由于该化合物较脆，过厚的金属间化合物层使焊接接头的剪切强度下降，故应适当控制焊接工艺以获得理想的焊接界面组织。

82 Times as high as the flow rate at the inlet; the velocity profile in the lower region is relatively uniform, and changes at the exit from a parabolic shape towards a plug flow as Re increases; The strong circulating flow in the upper region is very favourable to evaporization of heated fluid because it not only forces all the heated fluid to flow through the liquid surface and, therefore, to evaporate effectively, but also causes a large part of fluid to recirculate to the liquid surface and, therefore, to get a second opportunity of evaporization. In addition, the uniform velocity profile in the lower region is also favourable to crystallizing process.

轴向进料蒸发室进口管侧上方有强烈的循环流存在，循环流流量为进口流量的1.48～1.82倍；循环流下部流速分布较均匀，出口区流速在低Re时为抛物线分布，高Re时接近活塞流；强烈循环流的存在不仅迫使加热流体全部流经液面及其附近进行充分蒸发，而且之后还使相当部分流体再次循环回到液面及附近进行二次蒸发，对蒸发操作十分有利；蒸发室下部流速的均匀分布亦有利于蒸发结晶过程。

The power, however, may be wasted — or a Saturnian reaction may recrystallize the "free potential" into patterns essentially not very different from the old ones.

但是权力却会被浪费——土星的反作用会使&自由的潜能&结晶成为不同于旧有事物的典范与楷模。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。