使碳化

It was a "Sic et Non" like that of Abelard, giving authorities for a proposition and then for the contrary opinion.

；这是一个"碳化矽等非"一样，亚伯拉德，使当局的一个命题，然后在相反的意见。

My job was to investigate the role of toxins in the progression of melanoma, particularly to understand the role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway and how it can be stopped in order to slow down or altogether halt the metastasis of melanocytes.

我的工作将调查毒素在 melanoma 的反映中的角色，特别地了解 Aryl 碳化氢受容器的角色路和它能如何被停止，是为了要减慢或者全部使 melanocytes 的转移停止。

The wall of the burning chamber was pitted at the beginning then gradually burnt through.By means of the Bunsen burner,tubular furnace and XRD,SEM,EDS,this special type of high-temperabure destruction was studied.It was found that the phenomenon is resulted from the combined action of CO and lower hydrocarbon on Ni-Cr alloy.Firstly,Ni-Cr alloy is carbonized and selectively oxidized by CO to produce Cr2C,Cr3C2 and Ni-Cr2O3,while the capillary cracks in the surface layer are formed simultaneously.

作者利用几种现代手段和试验方法，对这一燃烧破坏现象进行了系统地模拟研究，发现这是CO和低分子烃在高温下对合金共同作用的结果：第一步CO作用使合金表层发生氧化和碳化，造成裂隙；第二步低分子烃扩散进裂隙并在Ni-Cr2O3微粒的催化下，裂解生在石墨炭并包复在Ni-Cr2O3微粒周围，体积增大。

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

The bridge structure suffered the moisture, frog and load attack successively in natural state, this results in concrete carbonization, reinforcing steel bar erosion, the surfer desquamate, the cross section dimension decrease, so the mechanics performance worsen, the bridge bearing capacity decreases.

在自然条件下，桥梁结构由于受到大气、水雾及外载的不断作用，引起混凝土碳化、钢筋脱钝锈蚀、构件表面剥落、截面尺寸减小，从而使混凝土结构或构件的力学性能恶化，使用性能降低，桥梁承载能力减小，严重的甚至引起人民生命财产的重大损失。

The affections on the yield of DLLA caused by catalyst, temperature and time etc. were studied. By using ethylene glycol as diluent, the distillate temperature of DLLA was lowed and the carbonization phenomenon could be avoided, which caused the yield of DLLA increasing from 36.8% to 51.3%. The molecular weight of PDLLA prepared by this method could reach 184,000. DLLA and PDLLA was characterized and analyzed by DSC, XRD and IR.The key of direct method to synthesize PDLLA is the exclusion of H2O from reaction system.

丙交酯开环聚合制备PDLLA的关键在于中间体D，L-丙交酯的制备，研究了催化剂、反应温度、反应时间等因素对DLLA产率的影响，通过在反应体系中加入稀释剂乙二醇，DLLA的馏出温度明显降低，避免了DLLA在蒸馏过程中产生碳化现象，并使DLLA的平均产率由36.8％提高至51.3％，制备的PDLLA分子量最大值达18.4万。

That was the carbide ceramic ossification catalyst to make

那是碳化陶瓷骨骼催化剂，可以使骨骼不易折断。

During fire arised, the bags outside carbonizes and the inner material will expand immediately and form a blockage layer to retard fire and smoke spreading.

火灾发生时，包体的表皮碳化而包内物受火立即膨胀，使独立的包体互熔成大的整块，具有良好的隔热性、严密性，可阻止火灾的蔓延和烟雾的传播。

The distillated condensate of furnace gas showed that NH3 cleaning efficiency will reach to 98% and the recovery rate of CO2 reach to 30% while adoptingMl asabsorber, CO2 in tail gas recovered for carbonation-soda ash production, then ammonia and CO2 are recovered; the condensation of ammonia in waste water is lower than 0.5tt, CO2 is below 0.03tt, so it can be used directly as soft water, then it has decreased the total quantity of various water containing ammonia in soda ash making system and improved environment.

蒸馏炉气冷凝液表明，以M I作为吸收剂，NH_3的净氨率达到98％，CO_2回收率达到30％，尾气中的CO_2再用于碳化制碱，氨和二氧化碳得到回收利用；废淡液中氨的浓度低于0.5tt，CO_2低于0.03tt，可直接作为软水使用，降低了含氨杂水的总量，使纯碱系统不再多余含氨杂水，改善了环境。

In order to gain sample with smooth surface and uniform thickness, it was necessary to optimize molding and carbonization process.

过高的压力和过快的碳化速率易使制品出现裂纹、空洞现象。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。