使相应

Atom, molecule or radical can be excited to a specific intermediate state by absorbing m laser photons, then the parent ion can be produced by absorption of another n laser photons. The ion yield can be increased drastically due to resonant absorption, comparing with the ion yield in non-resonant absorption. This multiphoton process is usully called Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization. REMPI technique plays an important role in detecting the high electronic excited states of atoms, molecules and radicals.

原子、分子、离子或自由基在同时吸收m个光子从下态共振跃迁到中间态后再吸收n个光子使其电离的过程中，下态和中间态的多光子共振吸收使得产生的离子信号强度比相应的非共振多光子电离得到的离子信号强度有很大的增强，该过程称为共振增强多光子电离REMPI。

Based on traditional second-order SMC, integral action is introduced into the sliding surface to eliminate the steady state error and maintain the dynamic performance of Buck inverter.

在传统的比例微分二阶滑模的基础上，加入了输出电压偏差的积分环节，使系统本质上消除了稳态误差，同时保证相应的动态性能。

How to establish the adjoint medel is discussed by using the Gateaux differential of function and the concepts of the adjoint operators in Hibert space. At the same time it is verified that selecting proper finite difference scheme can ensure discrete form remaining the same adjoint r...

文中利用泛函的Gateaux微分和Hilbert空间上伴随算子的概念讨论了连续的伴随模型的建立，并通过选择适当的差分格式离散伴随模型，使其保持连续时的伴随关系，同时给出了水温初始场最优化过程及相应的同化试验数值结果。

In order to prove the reliability, test studies have been primarily carried out in the indoor soil bin. The data of the vehicle driving state parameters under the same or different terrain are analyzed. The process curves are compared by different control schemes. The theoretical model of the optimum driving state is reliable and fuzzy control scheme is feasible. The disturbances and unknown factors of control system are analyzed. Test results prove that the half-tracked air-cushion vehicle can drive steadily under control of the computer. At the same time the sensors used to measure soil mechanics characteristics on line need to be developed. And it is the important problem to be solved in the future study. The necessary regulation and correction are put up. So the studies in this paper provide some instruction for the further research work.

为了验证本文提出的最佳工作状态及最佳垫压理论，并分析控制系统的可靠性和稳定性，本文在半履带式气垫车的模型车上，在室内土槽中进行了初步的实车性能和理论验证试验，考察了在同种和不同土壤条件下气垫车的行驶状态参数的测量数据，比较了采用不同控制方法下的过程曲线，验证了最佳工作状态的理论模型和模糊控制系统方案的可行性与可靠性，从而保证了采用自整定模糊PID控制器能够使半履带式气垫车在稳定行驶最佳工作状态下；同时通过试验研究，分析了系统中各干扰与未知因素，对控制方案进行了相应的调整和修正，为今后进一步的研究工作提供了一定的指导。

HD-G1 combination of professional weight-loss equipment science and acupuncture meridians of Chinese medicine of physical medicine, application of modern computer technology, electronic pulses through the process control, simulated acupuncture massage acupuncture points, so that the body-related device dirty to produce physiological responses, effective mediation of biological computers and metabolism, increased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the human body and completely adjust endocrine, improve the body metabolism, slow down the speed of glucose into fat, especially fat metabolism play a role in the decomposition will enable most of the three original fat acid glyceride hydrolysis into fatty acids and glycerol, and made to leave the fat cells, through a series of special decomposition pathway, the best carbon dioxide and water into energy is being consumed.

HD-G1专业减肥仪器结合了中医的经络学和针灸理疗学，应用现代电脑技术，通过程序控制电子脉冲，模拟针灸按摩穴位，让人体相关的器脏产生相应的生理反应，有效调解生物电脑和新陈代谢，增加人体内乳酸脱氢酶活力，彻底调整人体内分泌，改善人体新陈代谢，减缓葡萄糖转化成脂肪的速度，特别是对脂肪代谢的分解发挥作用，可使原有脂肪中绝大部分的三酸甘油脂水解成脂肪酸和甘油，并使之离开脂肪细胞，通过一系列特殊分解途径，最好转化为能量二氧化碳和水被消耗。

HD-M4 Body slimming instrument combines the study of Chinese medicine and acupuncture meridians of physical medicine, application of modern computer technology, electronic pulses through the process control, simulated acupuncture massage acupuncture points, so that the body-related device dirty to produce physiological responses, effective mediation of biological computer and metabolism, increasing lactate dehydrogenase activity in the human body and completely adjust endocrine, improve the body metabolism, slow down the speed of glucose into fat, especially fat metabolism play a role in the decomposition will enable most of the three original fat acid glyceride hydrolysis into fatty acids and glycerol, and made to leave the fat cells, through a series of special decomposition pathway, the best carbon dioxide and water into energy is being consumed.

HD-M4美体减肥仪器结合了中医的经络学和针灸理疗学，应用现代电脑技术，通过程序控制电子脉冲，模拟针灸按摩穴位，让人体相关的器脏产生相应的生理反应，有效调解生物电脑和新陈代谢，增加人体内乳酸脱氢酶活力，彻底调整人体内分泌，改善人体新陈代谢，减缓葡萄糖转化成脂肪的速度，特别是对脂肪代谢的分解发挥作用，可使原有脂肪中绝大部分的三酸甘油脂水解成脂肪酸和甘油，并使之离开脂肪细胞，通过一系列特殊分解途径，最好转化为能量二氧化碳和水被消耗。

In order to improve the stability and reliability of the models, especially in the marine platform drilling rig in order to meet the high standards and strict power requirements, CPC Jinan Diesel power demands in accordance with domestic oil market situation and the company markets products in the oil field use, decided to 4012 Long-stroke diesel engine is fully optimized and updated, and comprehensively improve the models of economy, adaptability, especially in reliability to achieve new breakthroughs to make it into a completely independent intellectual property rights, high reliability, power, good , fuel consumption is low, high degree of automation of the diesel engine, making it the leading, world-class level, can completely replace the current oil market, the corresponding power of China's imports of aircraft-grade new model.

为了提高该机型的稳定性和可靠性，特别是为了满足海洋平台对钻机动力的高标准严要求，中油济柴根据国内石油市场动力需求现状和公司产品在油田市场的使用情况，决定对4012型长冲程柴油机进行全面优化和更新，全面提高该机型的经济性、适应性，尤其在可靠性方面实现新的突破，使其成为具有完全自主知识产权的、可靠性高、动力性好、油耗低、自动化程度高的柴油机，使其成为国内领先、具备世界一流水平、可完全替代目前我国油田市场上相应功率档次进口机的新机型。

Polishing machine coated roll and roll and penetrated the metering rollers, directly affects the product iuster is good or bad, such as coating roll and roll of clearance too large, you can Polish paper and coated rolls off the paper bad contact so that the oil absorption corresponding regarding the reduction of roll coating rollers and penetrated the size determines the amount of finish coating the, should be based on the paper--absorption of strong or weak, adjustment and coated roll roll the size of the gap in order to ensure that products on the light intensity.

上光机的涂布辊与衬辊和计量辊之间的间隙是否合适，直接影响到产品上光亮度的好坏，如涂布辊与衬辊的间隙调得太大，就容易使上光的纸面与涂布辊接触不良，使纸面吸油量相应就减少涂布辊与计量辊之间的间隙大小，则决定着上光油涂布量的大小，所以，应根据纸面吸收性的强弱，调整涂布辊与计量辊间隙的大小，才能确保产品上光的亮度。

The following main results are obtained: The TiO_2 photocatalyst with small crystallite size, high surface area, narrow and uniform pore size distribution, and microporous frameworks could be prepared out by applying MW radiation in the preparation process. The microwave-induced fluorescence technique verified for the first time that microwave enhanced the formation rate of hydroxyl radical, leading to the increase in the photocatalytic efficiency. Compared with the conventional catalyst, TiO_2 prepared by MW dielectric heating owns a higher UV absorption ability, and its optical absorption edge and photovoltaic response are shifted toward the short wavelength region, resulting in increase of photooxidation efficiency. The photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde are increased respectively by 30% and 40% over the TiO2 prepared by MW radiation when compared to the TiO2 prepared by the conventional heating. For the MW-assisted photocatalytic reaction over the MW-prepared TiO2, production of hydroxyl radicals is enhanced by 22.5%, and the photocatalytic conversion is accordingly increased by 20%. Similarlly, applying MW also increased the photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde over TiO2/Al2O3 sample.

论文得到如下主要结果和结论：(1)微波介电加热TiO_2 溶胶可得到晶粒度小、光催化活性高、比表面积大和孔径分布窄而均一，且微孔发达的TiO_2光催化剂；在溶胶干燥处理过程中微波可使催化剂表面缺陷增加，进而导致光催化反应过程有更多的活性羟基自由基产生；(2)微波制备能显著增强TiO_2 样品的紫外光吸收率，并使其光吸收和光伏响应阈值发生蓝移，从而提高TiO_2的氧化还原能力；(3)与常规加热法所制TiO_2比较，微波法制备的TiO_2对乙醛的光催化降解转化率提高30%，CO_2生成率提高40%以上；(4)与未加微波辐射时相比，发现在光催化反应过程中施加微波，TiO_2 的羟基自由基生成速率提高了22.5%，相应CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率提高了20%；对Al_2O_3/TiO_2催化剂，CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率甚至提高了33%，同时CO_2 的生成率也都大幅度提高；(5)微波辐射可改变光催化降解乙醛的产物分布，推断施加微波时乙醛光催化降解按照羟基自由基引发的链式反应机理进行，微波&非热效应&起主要作用。

In order to bring about the spatial depth resolution of the image data obtained, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: an electromagnetic wave is beamed onto the surface of a photonic mixed element comprising at least one pixel, the pixel having at least two light-sensitive modulation light gates Gam and Gbm and associated accumulation gates Ga and Gb; modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, which are configured as Uam=Uo Um and Ubm=Uo-Um, are applied to the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm; a direct voltage, whose magnitude is at least the same as that of the total of Uo and the amplitude of the modulation voltage Um, is applied to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb; the charge carriers produced in the space charge region of the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm by the incident electromagnetic wave are subjected, as a function of the polarity of the modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, to the potential gradient of a drift field and drift to the corresponding accumulation gate Ga or Gb; and the charges qa and qb which have drifted to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb, respectively, are diverted.

为了使得采用这样一种方法获得的图象数据具有空间深度分辨率，按照本发明的方法包含下述步骤：使电磁波成束在至少包含一个象素的光混合元件的表面上，该象素至少具有两个光敏调制光门G am 和G bm 以及相关的累积门G a 和G b ；将调制光门电压U am 和U bm 施加到调制光门G a 和G b 上，而调制光门电压的构成是U am=U o U m，U bm=U o -U m；将直流电压施加到累积门G a 和G b 上，而直流电压的幅度至少与U o 和调制电压U am的幅度的总和相同；使由入射电磁波在调制光门G am 和G bm 的空间电荷区中产生的载流子经受漂移场的电位梯度，并漂移到相应的累积门G a 或G b ，而电磁波是调制光门电压U am和U bm的极性的函数；已经分别漂移到累积门G a 和G b 的电荷的方向反向。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐