使用系数

The resulting linear system, the coefficient matrix of which is, typically, a 2 x 2 block symmetric or non-symmetric and singular or non-singular indefinite matrix, is of high order and ill conditioned. In order to solve such system we have to use iterative methods with fast convergence speed.

所得的离散方程组（其系数矩阵典型地是 2 x 2 块对称或非对称，奇异或非奇异的不定矩阵）是高阶和病态的，为了求解这样的方程组我们必需使用快速收敛的迭代方法。

As a new material with many functions: being light, heat insulation, bearing acid and alkali, non-toxic, incombustible, not having fetid odor, the floating bead of pulverize coal ash was firstly chosen to produce light preservation material. In the article, a suitable production way and a new method of using pulverize coal ash systematically were found, which had active effect on stove industry and the refractoriness of light preservation brick with floating bead is 1100~1300℃, the suitable temperature was 400~1150℃, thermal conductivity is 0.105~0.127W.

粉煤灰漂珠作为一种新兴多功能材料，由于它具有轻质、绝热、耐酸碱、无毒、不燃烧、无臭味等特点，将之用作生产轻质保温材料首选材料，并探索出一条合理的生产工艺路线，为粉煤灰的综合利用开辟了一条新途径，对窑炉工业的发展将产生积极的推动作用；生产的轻型漂珠保温砖的耐火度为1100~1300℃，最佳使用温度为400~1150℃，导热系数为0.105~0.127W。

In this method, the equivalent elastic and elastic-plastic response spectra are ensured considering of structural inelasticity, the explicit expression of response spectra including Newmark-Hall deformation reduction factors is achieved.

该方法首先考虑结构的非弹性反应确定等效弹性反应谱和弹塑性反应谱，并建立了使用Newmark-Hall变形折减系数的能力谱的明确表达式。

This paper discusses the reason of failure in gray cast iron ingot mould under thermal cycling condition from temperature field, thermal stresses ,the change process of coefficient of crack sensitivity,graphite oxidization and growth of cast iron in high temperature in the process of using ingot mould.

从钢锭模使用过程中的温度场、热应力、裂纹敏感系数的变化过程以及石墨氧化、高温下铸铁生长等角度对灰铸铁钢锭模在热循环条件下的失效原因进行了探讨。

The research indicated that chloride ingression is largely determined by exposure time, chloride binding, environment temperature, stress and cracks conditions, the symptoms of which could be found with the modifier of the apparent diffusion coefficient Da of chloride, in the model of concrete service life prediction.

研究表明，暴露时间、胶凝材料对氯离子的吸附作用、混凝土保护层应力和裂缝状态、环境温度等对混凝土中氯离子的迁移均有较大的影响，这些影响因素可以通过对氯离子表观扩散系数的修正来表征，将其引入使用寿命预测模型。

Numerical simulation of temperature field of soil around the horizontal ground pipe;2. The paper presents a new technique of producing methane with solar heating in cold area,develops the experiment system for producing methane with solar heating,studies the heat-transfer content、temperature difference of heat interchanger and temperature field of soil around the digester fermenting,gives the value of heat .

为解决北方地区由于冬季气温、地温低，沼气生产存在产气率低、使用率低、原料分解率低、沼气使用综合效益差等问题，文章介绍了一种利用太阳能加热制取沼气的方法，建立了太阳能加热制取沼气的试验系统，研究了换热器的加热量、进出口温差以及沼气池周围土壤温度场的变化情况，并给出了换热器的传热系数。

The paper presents a new technique of producing methane with solar heating in cold area,develops the experiment system for producing methane with solar heating,studies the heat-transfer content、temperature difference of heat interchanger and temperature field of soil around the digester fermenting,gives the value of heat .

为解决北方地区由于冬季气温、地温低，沼气生产存在产气率低、使用率低、原料分解率低、沼气使用综合效益差等问题，文章介绍了一种利用太阳能加热制取沼气的方法，建立了太阳能加热制取沼气的试验系统，研究了换热器的加热量、进出口温差以及沼气池周围土壤温度场的变化情况，并给出了换热器的传热系数。

77 Using this result fig. 1 is entered on the bottom line vertically to the intersection of the chart line and the conversion factors are read in the left hand column.

答案：使用该结果，我们可以从图 1 的底线垂直向上作直线与图线相交，就可以从左边的纵坐标上读得相应的换算系数。

Methods Six cadaveric lumbar vertebrae were harvested and evaluated with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography to assess bone mineral density. Matched, polyaxial pedicle screws were then randomly assigned by side and placed using the Magerl, Krag or caudad trajectory technique assisted by Iso-C 3D scan and 3D navigation system. Cyclic loading tests were performed with a maximum 250 N load at 3 Hz up to 30000 cycles while recording load and displacement. Stiffness quotients were calculated it comparison.

从尸体中获取6节腰椎椎体经DEXA和QCT检测骨密度值，证实为骨质疏松后在计算机导航下按随机分组的方法向12个椎弓根中置人不同方向的椎弓根螺钉，使用MTS-858生物力学仪脊柱力学测试平台进行±250N的循环负荷疲劳测试，记录负荷循环中的螺钉位移，计算系统的刚度系数并进行对比分析。

With less coefficient of friction, high limiting speed, large size range and colorful combination of structure; they are suitable for tractorsm, motors, automobiles, motorcycles, and other common machinery, as a widely used type of bearings in machinery industry.

该类轴承摩擦系数小，极限转速高，尺寸范围与形势变化多样。可用于拖拉机、电机、汽车、摩托车及一般机械等，是机械工业中使用最为广泛的一类轴承。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐