使用权

Article 16 Where a land user that has obtained the right to use state-owned land through agreement-based assignment needs to change the purpose of land use stipulated in the assignment contract to business purposes, such as commerce, tourism, entertainment and commodity residence, etc., that user shall obtain the consent of the assigner and the department of urban planning of the people's government of the city or county, conclude the agreement on alteration of the contract on assignment of land use right or conclude a new contract on assignment of land use right, make up the corresponding assignment fee for land use right at the price on the land market at the time of alteration according to the changed purpose of land use, and make the alteration registration of land use right according to law.

第十六条以协议出让方式取得国有土地使用权的土地使用者，需要将土地使用权出让合同约定的土地用途改变为商业、旅游、娱乐和商品住宅等经营性用途的，应当取得出让方和市、县人民政府城市规划部门的同意，签订土地使用权出让合同变更协议或者重新签订土地使用权出让合同，按变更后的土地用途，以变更时的土地市场价格补交相应的土地使用权出让金，并依法办理土地使用权变更登记手续。

Article 19: After the grantee has paid all the rent for the use of the land according to the contract and get "national land use ratification" as well as the right to use the land, the grantee has the right to transfer, rent and mortgage all or part of the land in the contract. But the first transfer( including sale, exchange, and bestowal) of the land's use right for the remaining years, it should be concluded first by the granter that the land has be developed according to this contract and 25% of the total investment for the development has been finished.

第十九条受让人按照本合同约定已经支付全部土地使用权出让金，领取《国有土地使用证》，取得出让土地使用权后，有权将本合同项下的全部或部分土地使用权转让、出租、抵押，但首次转让(包括出售、交换和赠与)剩余年期土地使用权时，应当经出让人认定符合已经按照本合同约定进行投资开发，完成开发投资总额的百分之二十五以上方可予以转让。

Rural land rights system based on collective land ownership consists of the right to contractual opera-tion of rural land, the right of construction on collective land, the right to build house for peasant, field servitudes,kulakism,and contract rights about rural land use.

农地权利体系是以集体土地所有权为基础，派生出土地承包经营权，集体建设用地使用权，宅基地使用权，地役权，自留地、自留山使用权和债权性农地使用权的权利体系。

Chapter I. Definition on the Conception of RUSA and Its CharacteristicsSummarize the conception of the RUSA; analyze its characteristics.Chapter II.

第一章"海域使用权的概念"归纳了海域使用权的概念，分析了海域使用权及作为海域使用权客体的海域的特点，考察了海域使用权制度的历史沿革，对世界主要国家海域使用制度作了比较。

Creation, Novation, Extinguishment of RUSASummarize the creation modes, novation types and extinguishment causes; analyze the rights and obligations of sea area users and explore the withdrawal system of RUSA, one of the extinguishment causes of it.

第三章"海域使用权变动"总结了海域使用权的设立模式、变更类型和消灭原因，并着重对作为海域使用权消灭原因之一的海域使用权收回制度进行了考察。

Characteristics of RUSA and Comparisons with Relevant RightsDiscuss the characteristics of RUSA; analyze through comparisons its differences from traditional usufruct, the right of using natural resources and land using right. Consider that the RUSA is a private right of public right feature based on public law, and hence is a kind of Real Right, and different from both traditional Real Right of Utilization and RUNR, instead, it is a special usufruct.Chapter III.

第二章"海域使用权特征与相关权利比较"论述了海域使用权的特征，主要研究分析海域使用权客体的特殊性、权源上的派生性及海域使用权的支配性、排他性、用益性、公示性、期限性、有偿性等特征；分析了海域使用权性质，认为海域使用权为一种公法上规定的具有较强公共性的私权，是一种物权，是一种用益物权；比较分析了海域使用权与土地所有权、水权、渔业权、矿业权、海域承包经营权、海域租赁权的区别，认为海域使用权既不同于传统的用益物权，也不同于自然资源使用权，应界定为一种特殊的用益物权。

Open since January 1, 2003 began, the Beijing city public housing the right to use the transaction to start the pilot, the main forms include: public housing tenant to complement the difference between the way the exchange of public housing the right to use ; Gongfang lessee the right to use the compensatory transfer of public housing; public housing to public housing tenant the right to use the exchange of housing rights; Gongfang lessee of its public housing tenant to sublease part or all use by others.

开放以来03年1月1日开始，北京的城市公共住房使用权交易开始试点，主要形式包括：公屋租户以补充之间的差异的交流方式公共房屋的使用权；公房承租人的使用权有偿转让的公共住房；公屋公屋租户的使用权交换住房权利；公房承租人的公屋租户转租部分或全部使用由他人。

And the ownership of shoaly land which silt up naturally should be determined according to the attaching rule.

沿海滩涂上的使用权，既有建设用地使用权、农用地使用权，又有海域使用权，并且海域使用权有向土地使用权转化的可能。

Chapter I. Definition on the Conception of RUSA and Its CharacteristicsSummarize the conception of the RUSA; analyze its characteristics.Chapter II.

第一章&海域使用权的概念&归纳了海域使用权的概念，分析了海域使用权及作为海域使用权客体的海域的特点，考察了海域使用权制度的历史沿革，对世界主要国家海域使用制度作了比较。

Characteristics of RUSA and Comparisons with Relevant RightsDiscuss the characteristics of RUSA; analyze through comparisons its differences from traditional usufruct, the right of using natural resources and land using right. Consider that the RUSA is a private right of public right feature based on public law, and hence is a kind of Real Right, and different from both traditional Real Right of Utilization and RUNR, instead, it is a special usufruct.Chapter III.

第二章&海域使用权特征与相关权利比较&论述了海域使用权的特征，主要研究分析海域使用权客体的特殊性、权源上的派生性及海域使用权的支配性、排他性、用益性、公示性、期限性、有偿性等特征；分析了海域使用权性质，认为海域使用权为一种公法上规定的具有较强公共性的私权，是一种物权，是一种用益物权；比较分析了海域使用权与土地所有权、水权、渔业权、矿业权、海域承包经营权、海域租赁权的区别，认为海域使用权既不同于传统的用益物权，也不同于自然资源使用权，应界定为一种特殊的用益物权。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。