使熔融

Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049;4.Institute of Archaeology; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Beijing 100710; China;The fabrication technologies in terms of phase composition,structure,firing temperature,porosity,density and water permeability of ceramic water pipes and contrastive ceramic tilesexcavated from Anyang Yin Ruins of Shang dynasty were studied by X-ray fluorescence,X-ray diffraction and dilatometer,respectively.It was found that the contents of CaO,K2O,MgO and P2O5 in CWP were relatively higher than those in contrastive CT.The difference was further confirmed by the mass ratio of flux...

采用X射线荧光、X射线衍射、热膨胀等分析手段对比研究了安阳商代陶水管的制作工艺，发现陶水管化学成分中各类熔剂的质量分数均略高于对比陶片中熔剂的质量分数，CaO、K2O、MgO等助熔剂与A l2O3的质量比进一步证实该现象，而这种差异性则外在地表现为陶水管的气孔度低于对比陶片以及陶水管热膨胀曲线中出现玻璃化现象，该结果表明陶水管原料应为一种易熔粘土，或者在沉淀粘土中人为地掺和了草木灰类掺和料，这有利于陶水管烧制与成型，有助于熔剂在熔融状态下，较好地进入陶水管中的空隙，使陶水管变得更加致密，一定程度上有利于防止陶水管的渗水，显示出陶水管制作工艺的特殊性。

According to the heterogeneous migmatite and granite of South and North Dabie Blocks, and the formula △h=h which was inferred in this paper, the melting of metamorphio rock might make NB uplift about 4. 4km, but SB only about 1. 9km. Therefore, the difference of melting degree of metamorphic rocks of NB and SB led to the volume different, and this could be one of the reasons of different uplift of NB and SB.

根据南、北大别地块混合岩、花岗岩分布不均匀的特点和本文推导的公式Δh=h(〓-1)估算表明，变质岩的熔融可使北大别地块隆升幅度达4.4km，而南大别隆升幅度仅为1.9km，因此，南、北大别变质岩熔融程度差异所引起体积变化的不同，可能是南、北大别地块差异隆升的原因之一。

Distant effect of Jurassic collisions of Qiangtang terrane,Lasa terrane and Paleo\|Pacific land onto the Eurasian land made East Qinling\|Dabie Mountains in a compressional circumstance for a long time,and suppressed its orogenic extension;whereas,Cretaceous late\|collisional extension and appearance of West Pacific trench\|arc\|basin system relieved East Qinling\|Dabie Mountains of external compression,instantly result in violent orogenic lithosphere delamination\|extension and depressurized\|calefactive melting,and consequently,led to the formation of large scale Early Cretaceous granitoids and intermediate\|acidic volcanic rocks.

羌塘地体、拉萨地体和西太平洋古陆在侏罗纪与欧亚大陆拼贴碰撞的远距离效应使东秦岭-大别造山带长期处于挤压环境，伸展作用被抑制；白垩纪的碰撞晚期伸展和西太平洋沟弧盆体系的远距离效应使东秦岭-大别地区的外部挤压消失，导致造山带岩石圈迅速强烈拆沉伸展和减压增温熔融，从而形成大规模早白垩世花岗岩类和中酸性火山岩。

Based on the regional tectonic evolution, combined with the high precision isotopic ages from this paper and other geologists, we have some new acquaintances as follows: 1 There has no Caledonian granite belt distributed in north margin of North China Craton. So, the traditional evolving model of North China Carton, which formed on this idea and the acquaintance about the collision of North China plate and Siberian plate, must be incorrect; 2 The age date show that the earliest magmatic activity began since late-Palaeozoic Permian, which is inconsistent with the previous idea that there were Caledonian and Hercynian active continental margin in the north of North China Craton and in the south Xingkai Massif. 3 the crust and lithosphere were thickened by the subduction and collision of Siberia plate and North China plate during Late Paleozoic. The magma is formed when the crust is heated and melts caused by thickened lithosphere delamination and caused the Asthenosphere upwelling. But only a little basaltic magma erupted, most magma underplate under the bottom of the crust. Thermal energy derived from basaltic magma underplating made the middle and lower crust melt partially and the late Permian-early Triassic granites is formed in large scale.

根据区域构造演化分析，并结合本文及他人高精度同位素年龄，我们对延边花岗岩形成的大地构造环境有了新的认识：1在华北地台北缘并不存在所谓的加里东花岗岩带，因此，建立在此之上的传统的华北地台北缘演化模式及有关西伯利亚板块与华北板块的碰撞拼合的认识也必然是不正确的；2华北地台北缘和兴凯地块南缘不存在加里东期和海西期花岗岩带，表明两地块边缘最早的花岗质岩浆活动始于晚古生代的二叠纪，即不存在传统观点所认为的加里东期或海西期活动陆缘；3晚古生代由于西伯利亚板块与华北板块的俯冲碰撞，致使地壳和岩石圈增厚，导致加厚岩石圈发生拆沉作用，使得软流圈上涌，加热地壳使之熔融形成岩浆，但玄武质岩浆少量喷出地表，大部分底侵于地壳底部，形成下地壳高密度的玄武质底侵层，玄武质岩浆底侵的热能引起中下地壳广泛部分熔融，形成大面积分布的晚二叠世—早三叠世花岗岩。

The uniphase C with W/≤0.3 can be synthesized without being preheated. When W/ is higher than 0.3, the sample expansion increases with the increase of W content, the reaction between W and C is incomplete, the combustion products consist of W〓C, WC, TiC, C, and unreacted W. Preheating mixtures can accelerate the completion of the reaction among Ti, W, and C. The uniphase C with W/=0.4 can be synthesized by SHS at preheat temperature of 600℃. There are two kinds of powders with size of 2-4μm and size less than 1μm in the combustion products.

通过燃烧前沿激冷淬熄试验及产物形貌特征（燃烧块断面组织和产物多晶聚合体颗粒）分析，创新性地提出了两种体系的自蔓延高温反应机制。1熔化—溶解—析出机制：当燃烧温度较高时，燃烧前沿Ti粉熔化，W和C溶解于熔融Ti里，而后C从熔融里析出。2扩散—固溶机制：当燃烧温度不足以使燃烧前沿Ti粉熔化时，通过C的扩散先形成TiC层，其后C沿着热应力导致的TiC层裂纹继续扩散，与固态Ti核反应生成TiC；同时，C扩散至W颗粒，形成W〓C，而后通过C的继续扩散W〓C转变成WC；与此同时，WC固溶至TiC里，形成C固溶体。

Although most studies dealing with the modification of semi-crystalline polymers with inorganic particles reported embrittling effects by comparing ultimate elongation and impact strength of composites materials with those unfilled resins, some researchers showed that the enhancement of toughness in rigid particle filled polypropylene and polyethylene, in which high filler content is generally required (the volume fraction is about 20%).

然而，由于纳米粒子极易聚集的特性和聚合物熔融状态下呈现的高粘度性质，使采用常规的熔融共混技术制备均匀分散的纳米复合材料变得极其困难。

The forming process for the high-strength, steel-base modified polyformaldehyde composite material in five-laver structure is to melt modified polyformaldehyde by heating and roll to make the melt polyformaldehyde permeate into the gaps gaps between the large-grained spherical copper powder and screw copper nails.

四层结构的钢基铜塑复合材料的成型过程，是将改性聚甲醛加热熔化，经轧制，使熔融的聚甲醛渗透到大颗粒球形铜粉的间隙中，解决了三层材料复合过程中，熔融的聚甲醛水平流动性强过垂直方向的渗透性，造成了结合强度低的缺陷，使聚甲醛层与铜粉及基体结合更牢固，提高了其承载和抗剪切的能力。

The forming process for the high-strength, steel-base modified polyformaldehyde composite material in five-layer structure is to melt modified polyformaldehyde by heating and roll to make the melt polyformaldehyde permeate into the gaps between the large-grained spherical copper powder and screw copper nails.

五层结构的高强度钢基改性聚甲醛复合材料的成型过程，是将改性聚甲醛加热熔化，经轧制，使熔融的聚甲醛渗透到大颗粒球形铜粉的间隙中，解决了三层材料复合过程中，熔融的聚甲醛水平流动性远强过垂直方向的渗透性，造成了结合强度低的缺陷，使聚甲醛层与铜粉、螺旋铜钉及基体结合更牢固，提高了其承载和抗剪切的能力。

The forming process for the high-strength, steel-base modified polyformaldehyde composite material in five-layer structure is to melt modified polyformaldehyde by heating and roll to make the melt polyformaldehyde permeate into the gaps between the large-grained spherical copper powder and screw copper nails.

五层结构的高强度钢基改性聚甲醛复合材料的成型过程，是将改性聚甲醛加热熔化，经轧制，使熔融的聚甲醛渗透到大颗粒球形铜粉与螺旋铜钉的间隙中，解决了三层材料复合过程中，熔融的聚甲醛水平流动性远强过垂直方向的渗透性，造成了结合强度低的缺陷，使聚甲醛层与铜粉、螺旋铜钉及基体结合更牢固，提高了其承载和抗剪切的能力。

The thesis are divided into two parts. In the first part, we used 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as the precursor to react with sodium which have been achieved by decomposing sodium hydrate at 623 K. At a low reaction temperature of 623 K, carbon nitride nanosphere、porous carbon nitride material and byproduct sodium chloride, would be produced.

本研究将分成两部份，第一部分是在低温下(623 K)将氢化钠粉末热裂解，生成表面积较大的熔融态金属钠，使气态的氰尿醯氯通入与熔融态金属钠在623 K反应，生成奈米氮化碳球、奈米孔洞性氮化碳材料及副产物氯化钠。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。