使折射

In such a medium, the direction of the Poynting vector monochromatic plane wave is antiparallel to that of its phase velocity. Because of that, DNG displays some unusual electromagnetic properties such as backward-wave effect, negative refractive effect, perfect lens and a limit situation, zero index of refraction materials.

在这种材料中，单色均匀平面波的相速方向和坡印亭矢量方向是相反的，因此使双负材料表现出一系列反常的电磁特性如：回波效应、负折射效应、完美透镜效应和一种极限情况即零折射率材料等。

Combined with modern media, the traditional culture of chivalrous conducts goes to the public, occupying more and more readers compared to the belles-lettres, reflecting the massespurchase of individual freedom, imagination about and escape from the reality, and keenness on heroic complex.

传统的武侠文化与现代传媒的结合，使武侠文化真正走向了大众，并对传统的"雅文学"起到了很大的消解作用，折射出大众对个性自由的追求、对现实的虚拟与逃避、对"英雄情结"的留恋。

Combined with modern media, the traditional culture of chivalrous conducts goes to the public, occupying more and more readers compared to the belles-lettres, reflecting the massespurchase of individual freedom , imagination about and escape from the reality, and keenne.

传统的武侠文化与现代传媒的结合，使武侠文化真正走向了大众，并对传统的"雅文学"起到了很大的消解作用，折射出大众对个性自由的追求、对现实的虚拟与逃避、对"英雄情结"的留恋。

The birefraction filter is also designed to get satisfying output-parameters. At last, the Ti:sapphire laser with flat-flat resonant cavity is pumped with the pumping source at 532nm. The pumping source is got from the frequency doubling of Nd:YAG laser.

对调谐元双折射滤光片进行了设计，采用厚度比为1：2：10的三片组合型双折射滤光片，最薄晶片厚度d 1 = 0.45mm，光轴与滤光片法线方向呈90度角，以使系统的输出参数达到预期的要求。

Because it will show double refraction after the sine wave operate on crystal, it will make the latter part of this system, the signal disposal part, give demand with detecting the output wave and deal with it so that the system can meet the demand of the system. The system can be applied to the occasion of automatic control system etc.

利用正弦波通过晶体后能产生双折射现象，使系统的后一部分——信号处理部分通过对其的检测、处理，给出命令信号，进行随动跟踪，然后应用于自控系统等场合。

Points out that the propagational derection and vibration surface of ordinary and extraordinary ray in crystal can be determined by the characters of wave surface in crystal and Huygens,Construction.

本文研究单色自然光入射到单轴晶体后产生双折射现象，所得的O光和e光在晶体内的传播方向和振动面，可利用晶体中波面的特点和惠更斯作图法来确定，使读者对这一问题有更进一步的认识和理解。

Descartes had either learned the sine law of refraction from Willebrord Snell (Snell's Law) [6] or had discovered it independently, and this allowed him to quantify spherical aberration.

笛卡儿要么据悉，正弦规律的折射，从willebrord snell [ 6 ]或发现了它独立，这使他能够量化球面像差。

The functional relation between incident angle and refractive angle of energy flow is obtained. According to this relation, we can restructure the refractive angle as negative or positive readily by selecting suitable permittivity and permeability tensors.

导出了电磁波的入射角和能流折射角之间的函数关系，根据此关系可方便地选择合适的介电张量和磁导率张量，使特定入射角所对应的折射是正或是负。

Use: A refractometer is an instrument the concentration of a queous solution by measuring it's refractive index, All water based solution can make light bend.

用途：手持式折射计是一种通过测量水溶液折折射率来测量其浓度的仪器。所有水溶液都能使光的方向发生折射。

The three novels catch hold of the kernel of contradictory political forces, and reveal the conflicting relationship between the factors of the desires for power in English cultural tradition, and refract the paradoxes formed from the unsolvable problems in the political modernization: the modernization in England upgraded prolificacy with an unprecedented speed, offering opportunities of emancipation of personal desires, the appealing to personal power in politics pressed for a breakthrough in the traditional political setups, leading reform to modernization, which emancipated political forces, aggrandized political rights, and satisfied some people\'s desire for power in a certain extent.

这三部小说抓住了现代化进程中各种政治力量的相互矛盾这个核心，揭示了英国传统文化中欲望力量诸因素相互冲突的关系，折射了政治现代化难以解决的矛盾所形成的悖论：一方面，英国现代化进程前所未有地提升了生产力，使人的个性解放成为可能，个人权利的诉求迫切要求冲破传统的政治格局，使政治通过改革走向现代化。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。