使层化

The Diels-Alder cycloadditions of [60] fullerene for preparation of optical limitingmaterials are discussed in chapter 3 and 6. Soluble cycloaddition derivatives of 〓aresynthesized by the reaction of 〓 with indene,1,1'-biindene andcyclopentadiene derivatives.〓Particular, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 〓 with1,1'-biindene under controlled conditions affords the stable monoadduct 〓〓of novel structure, which was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, FD-MS,〓NMR,〓 NMR, HMQC and HMBC spectra, Its two bridgehead cage carbons resonate at70.91ppm, The 〓 NMR spectra showed 38 lines consistent with the 〓 symmetryassociated with [6,6] addition. The 〓 shows similar optical limitingproperties to that of 〓 in toluene for 8ns laser at wave length 532nm. Moreover, thehigh solubility of this adduct in polar solvents such as THF, acetone enables itsincorporation into sol-gel glass matrix. The thin films prepared via the sol-gel methodshow improved OL behaviour compared to those of 〓. The langmuir-Blodgett filmformation and uv-visible absorption of 〓 are also investigated. LBmonolayer of this compound is prepared on the air-water interface at 〓 mol/l. In chapter 4, three water-soluble derivatives of [60] fullerene: fullerol(1), theaddition product (2)of fullerol (1)with polyvinylpyrrolidone and fumaric acidderivative of 〓(3) are synthesized and characterized.

通过Diels-Alder环加成反应，用茚〓和1，1'-联茚〓及取代茂合成了一系列可溶性的〓环加成衍生物，发现可控制反应条件，使1，1'-联茚与〓反应，并高产率地得到具有新颖结构的单加成物，用HPLC、FTIR、FD-MS 及〓、HMQC、HMBC等多种波谱技术对其结构进行表征，测得它的两个〓杂化的桥头碳的化学位移为〓ppm，证明生成的衍生物为6∶6闭式环加成，〓NMR谱中共给出38个信号，表明〓联茚衍生物分子具有〓对称性；在波长532nm，脉冲宽度8ns的激光下，〓联茚衍生物的甲苯溶液的光限幅性能与〓的甲苯溶液相近，由于〓联茚单加成衍生物熱稳定性好，在四氢呋喃，丙酮等极性溶剂中溶解性好，能分别均匀地掺入溶胶-凝胶中，已发现它的溶胶(so1)光限幅性能优于纯〓的光限幅性能；使用Langmuir-Blodgett技术将〓联茚衍生物在空气和水的界面进行了LB单层膜和多层膜实验以及UV-Vis吸收谱研究，通过等温压缩曲线测试，证明浓度为〓〓时，〓联茚衍生物能够形成单层膜。

The dispersion mechanism of the dispersants was analyzed by testing the Zeta potential of the dispersion phase in the dispersion medium. It was shown that Ⅰ and Ⅱ raised obviously the absolute values of surface Zeta potential of titania particles, and NK-1 formed good solvate layers of the particles so that the nano-titania particles were stably dispersed in the water solns.

通过测定分散相在分散递质中的Zeta电位，分析了分散剂的分散机理，说明六偏磷酸钠和硅酸钠可显著提高整理液中二氧化钛颗粒表面Zeta电位的绝对值，NK-1在纳米二氧化钛颗粒表面形成良好的溶剂化层，使纳米二氧化钛颗粒在水溶液中获得优良的分散稳定性。

His shoulders were white with unmelted snow and, though it was nothing, the dampness irked him.

雪粒打在身上也不容易化，他的衣肩上已积了薄薄的一层，虽然不算什么，可是湿渌渌的使他觉得别扭。

Fusion cocktails and progressive music gives the upscale clientele a sense of modern simplicity in one of the world's most chaotic surroundings.

三层酒吧：主厅源于"简约的复合化"创作灵感，巧妙地兼休闲于娱乐功能于一身，鸡尾酒与旋升乐的交织使您在最喧嚣的环境中独享现代都市的纯朴。

The dielectric material is annealed in an oxidizing environment to densify, the barrier layer inhibiting oxidation of the said second sidewall portion of the trench.

介电材料在氧化环境中退火使其致密化，阻挡层阻止沟槽的第二侧壁部分被氧化。

Because of the high diffusivity and solubility of oxygen in Ti〓Al, once the oxidation layer loss its protection, oxygen can easily enter into the alloy and thus considerable oxygen contaminated region is formed, which would embrittle Ti〓Al alloys and seriously decrease their thermal stability and high temperature properties.

氧在Ti〓Al基合金中具有较高的固溶度，当表层氧化膜缺乏保护性时，氧得以在合金基体表面部分形成厚度可观的氧污染层，使本身塑性就较差的Ti〓Al基合金脆化，从而严重影响Ti〓Al基合金的热稳定性和高温力学性能。

As the thermal radiation of coating surface on Low E glass is strongly influenced by its spectrum, the nongray band model in diffusing enclosure was used to numerically simulate the surface radiative characteristics of Low E glass in combination with the glass properties of absorptivity and transmissivity.

由于建筑节能的需要，低辐射率玻璃被大量地应用于建筑物等公共场合。为保证安全使用，这些玻璃必须经过物理钢化处理，即将玻璃制品加热到其转变温度Tg 以上 50～60°C ，然后在冷却介质中急速均匀冷却，使玻璃表面生成均匀分布的压应力层。

Organophilic montmorillonite is obtained by the ion exchange of organic ammonium compound and its interlayer space changes from 1.31nm to 2.01nm.

通过阳离子交换的方法将蒙脱土进行有机化处理，使蒙脱土的片层间距从原来的1.31nm增加到2.01nm。

When the coverage is increased,the aspartic acid molecules can finally form an overlayer with uniform contrast but could never form any ordered structures.

随着覆盖度的提高，天冬氨酸分子最终在Cu(0 0 1)表面形成一均匀衬度的吸附层，但并不形成有序吸附结构，也不能使台阶发生小面化。

It was found that even in strong oxidizing atmosphere,the reoxidation of reduced iron can be avoided or decreased obviously by a covering coal layer with only 10-15 mm in thickness,so that the metallization of DRI may exceed 95%in a wide range of operation parameters.

试验结果表明，在完全燃烧的强氧化气氛中，仅用10-15 mm的碳粒层就可有效地防止或明显减缓炉气对炉料的氧化，使海绵铁的金属化率在较宽的工艺参数范围内稳定地达到90 ％以上，甚至超过95 ％。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐