使均匀

A new particle swarm optimization, PSO with bounded mutation operator, was developed. In contrast to the original PSO, in this algorithm, PSO with bounded mutation operator would make the particles redistributed cquably close to boundary when place of particle exceeds feasible region during iteration.

提出了一种新的粒子群优化算法——带边界变异的PSO，其原理是：在迭代的过程中，当粒子的位置超出可行域时，带边界变异的PSO让粒子的位置重新均匀分布在边界附近；当粒子的速度超出可行域时，则使其均匀分布到整个可行区间，而不是像原始PS0那样在这2种情况下都只是简单地取边界值。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Uniform scale is supported, but non-uniform scale cannot work with instances in Gamebryo because non-uniform scale is baked into the geometry.

均匀缩放是被支持的，然而，不能对Gamebryo中实例进行不均匀缩放，因为不均匀缩放会烘培几何体（使几何体发生不规则变形，max有烘培一个操作）。

Major gas carburizing for steel parts used, the use of ultra-lining and the international advanced energy-saving vacuum sealed fan, the furnace pressure to increase without any leakage, temperature uniformity, warming fast, insulation, and an atmosphere of carbon potential uniform workpiece carburizing speed, uniform layer, the seriesPit Gas Carburizing Furnace greatly improved the productivity and quality of carburization.

主要供钢制零件气体渗碳用，由于采用超节能炉衬和国际先进的真空密封风机，使炉压提高，无任何漏气，炉温均匀，升温快，保温好，碳势气氛均匀，工件渗碳速度加快，渗层均匀，本系列井式气体渗碳电炉大大提高了生产效率和渗碳质量。

Major gas carburizing for steel parts used, the use of ultra-lining and the international advanced energy-saving vacuum sealed fan, the furnace pressure to increase without any leakage, temperature uniformity, warming fast, insulation, and an atmosphere of carbon potential uniform workpiece carburizing

主要供钢制零件气体渗碳用，由于采用超节能炉衬和国际先进的真空密封风机，使炉压提高，无任何漏气，炉温均匀、升温快、保温好，碳势气氛均匀，工件渗碳速度加快，渗层均匀，本系列井式气体渗碳电炉大大提高了生产效率和渗碳质量。

Major gas carburizing for steel parts used,the use ultra-l-ining and the international advanced energy-saving vacuum sealed fan,the furnace pressure to increase without any le-akage,temperature uniformity,warming fast,insulation good,and an atmosphere of carbon potential uniform seepage work-piece carbon

主要供钢制零件气体渗碳用，由于采用超节能炉衬和国际先进的真空密封风机，使炉压提高，无任何漏气，炉温均匀、升温快、保温好，碳势气氛均匀，工件渗碳速度加快，渗层均匀，本系列井式气体渗碳电炉大大提高了生产效率和渗碳质量。

According to the criterion, the conventional uniformly distributed points were replaced by the nonuniformly distributed points.

本文针对规整填料的几何结构，提出了新的液体初始分布器的设计标准，将传统的均匀分布的喷淋点，改进为不均匀的喷淋点，以使液体在最短的时间内达到在填料层中的微观均匀分布。

At the same time, the electric potential and the electric intensity at the central axes and in the distance area of the charged ring are discussed.

本文中我们运用椭圆积分法计算出了均匀带电圆环空间电位和电场分布，使我们对其产生的电位和电场有一个全面了解。1均匀带电圆环的电位均匀带电q的圆环半径为b，以环心。

The hot blast circulates evenly from the stove up-wind leaf through 45° the stainless steel air deflector from the chamber both sides to the chamber lower part, through the suspension fork type stainless steel roller conveyer lower part the air flue, circulates the material plate base, passes through the material plate stainless steel mesh, through all work pieces, circulates evenly above material plate's return air Daoban, forms a complete heated air circulation cycle, the high speed heated air circulation, causes in the material plate the work piece temperature to be even so repeatedly.

热风由炉顶风叶通过45°不锈钢风板均匀从炉膛两侧循环到炉膛下部，通过悬架式不锈钢滚道下部风道，循环到料盘底部，穿过料盘不锈钢网，均匀通过所有工件，循环到料盘上方的回风导板，形成一个完整的热风循环周期，如此反复高速热风循环，使料盘内工件温度均匀。

The hot blast circulates evenly from the furnace up-wind leaf through 45° the stainless steel air deflector from the hearth both sides to the hearth lower part, through the suspension fork type stainless steel roller conveyer lower part the air flue, circulates the material plate base,passes through the material plate stainless steel mesh, through all workpieces, circulates evenly above material plate's return air guiding plate, forms a complete heated air circulation cycle, the high speed heated air circulation, causes in the material plate the workpiece temperature to be even sorepeatedly.

热风由炉顶风叶通过45°不锈钢风板均匀从炉膛两侧循环到炉膛下部，通过悬架式不锈钢滚道下部风道，循环到料盘底部，穿过料盘不锈钢网，均匀通过所有工件，循环到料盘上方的回风导板，形成一个完整的热风循环周期，如此反复高速热风循环，使料盘内工件温度均匀。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。