使可靠

Theretore the finite element method of calculating the temperature field of rolling tire and the computer programs presented by the paper is reliable. Further work to study and improve the calculation to make error smaller should be done to get a faster, more precise and more reliable calculation program of temperature field for tire structure design.

因此，论文给出的滚动轮胎温度场的有限元计算方法及其计算程序是可靠的，研究和改进计算中产生误差的原因，使之更完善，必将可为轮胎结构设计等提供快速、精确、可靠的滚动轮胎温度场的计算软件。

ZL03 2 354312.The innovations include: automatic self-closing and reliably sealed valve structure: the design of duplex valve clack with pilot valve to tackle the problem of reverse seal structured valve being difficult to be opened; an automatic drain control device to automatically drain the remaining water from the hydrant; protective plate provided between the hydrant body and the valve block to serve as a connection between the hydrant body and the valve block, which is the first one to be damaged when the ground hydrant is clashed, and prevent pulling-off of the whole above-ground part of the fire hydrant, so as to properly protect the main parts from any damage. The self-closing and reliably sealed valve now prevents drain of water, and only the damaged protective plate is needed to be replaced before immediate re-operation. Thus the repair work after clashing is very easy and simple.

其创新点为：具有能自动关闭并可靠密封的阀门结构：采用有先导阀复式结构阀瓣设计，解决反向密封结构阀门开启沉重费力的难题；设计自控排水装置，能自动排除栓体内余水；在栓体和阀体之间设计撞裂板，它既起到连接栓体和阀体的中介作用，又可在地上消火栓被撞击时率先破裂毁坏，并使露出地面的栓体不见整体脱落，有效保护各主体部件的完好无损，而此时阀门的自闭式结构可靠密封阀门阻止水源外泄，修复时只需更换损坏的撞裂板即可立即复位投入使用，使被撞后的修复工作变得十分轻松简便。

However, it remains unclear how reliable cleistogamy is for gene flow mitigation: a Co-Extra research project on rapeseed investigating the matter has published preliminary results which cast doubt on the attainment of a high degree of reliability.

然而，目前还不清楚闭花受精对缓解基因流有多可靠。Co-Extra项目以油菜籽为材料研究了这个问题，已经发表了初步结果；这些结果使他们对能否高度可靠地缓解基因流产生了怀疑。

The aim of the research is to propose a newly quantified annoyance method to replace the commonly used semi-quantified method for vibration serviceability design.Annoyance rate and AR-based operations,i.e. expected AR and average AR,consist the major contents of the AR model. The basis of AR model was complementally introduced in Chapter 3 and through which different AR curves for several types of application purposes were suggested.

本文结合结构动力学，可靠度理论和心理物理学，提出了基于烦恼率的结构振动舒适度设计理论模型，其目的是使工程结构振动舒适度的设计方法从原来的半定量设计阶段提高到定量设计、可靠度设计和优化设计阶段。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

A theory annoyance model for structural vibration serviceability design is proposed in this research on the basis of structural dynamics, reliability theory and psychophysiology methods.

本文结合结构动力学，可靠度理论和心理物理学，提出了基于烦恼率的结构振动舒适度设计理论模型，其目的是使工程结构振动舒适度的设计方法从原来的半定量设计阶段提高到定量设计、可靠度设计和优化设计阶段。

RSG transformer improved better wire connection than RSG and adopted the most safety as IT end sleeves connection and UK connection, which make coil to give out sirocco in horizontal and portrait and lower temperature rising, work in more safety and reliability so as to improve the power supply quality and delay aging of insulation system and prolong lifetime of transformer.

RSG系列三相干式变压器，在RSG系列变压器的基础上改进了其接线端子，引用国外最安全可靠IT冷压接线方式以及UK接线方式，尤其是变压器线圈，同时增设了横向，纵向散热风道，使其工作温升大大降低，运行更为安全可靠，大大提高了其供电质量，并且有效延缓绝缘系统老化延长了变压器的使用寿命。

Have adopted the new chain-type cutter of tooth form, have realized high speed cut with high speed feed, it is the 3 times of the cutter of reciprocating type that it cuts speed to reach; Operating speed is the 1.5 times of the cutter harvester of reciprocating type; It is the 1.5 times of the cutter harvester of reciprocating type that unit cuts the productivity.

输送带主动带轮与切割器主动链(来源：AcbfbBC论文网www.abclunwen.com)轮同轴驱动，简化了传动，使整机结构紧凑，传动可靠，作业性能稳定，生产性能可靠，从理论和实践上实现了高速切割与高速进给及高速输送的有机匹配。

Brief introduction: Based on foreign advanced PE clapboard enveloper/stacker automatic line, selecting the main procedure, this machine is designed to meet the need of domestic storage battery factories-- production without maintenance and only with clapboard enveloping function. It is easy to operate and safe to adjust. When use the machine, you should put the board on the pushing board and push to the middle part, they will go into the press roller at the same time, the interlaced veins make the plates closely together, then stack the plates. The machine can be adjusted according to user's requirement

简介：本机在国外先进的 PE 隔板包封配组自动线的基础上，选取了包封工序之精华，设计出了适应我们国内蓄电池厂生产免维护的需要，只具有隔板包封功能的比较实用的隔板包装机，为蓄电池厂生产免维护蓄电池提供了 PE 隔板包封极板的可靠手段，该机操作简便、运行调整可靠，使用时将极板放在推板上，人工将极板推到隔板中部，经压辊将夹有极板的隔板同时进入压辊、压辊的两边有压纹使隔板上下经交错的压纹牢牢的压在一起，隔板形成口袋的状、然后人工配组极板。

Driver's fail mechanism is studied through analyzing three stages of driver's behavioral model. Many measures, which vehicle accommodates man, will improve driver's degree of reliability, so the whole system's degree of reliability should be meliorated.

通过对驾驶员开车时行为模式的三个阶段进行分析，对驾驶员的失误机理进行研究；采取相应措施，使&车适应人&，提高驾驶员的可靠度，从而使整个系统的可靠度得到改善。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。