使发生

The compensating consumer's surplus equals the amout of a lump-sum subsidy which the consumer, after an increase in the price of X has caused him to purchase a smaller quantity of X at the higher price, would have to receive in order to be lifted back to the same indifference level that he had attained when he purchased a larger quantity of X at the lower price

等值剩余 Equivalent Surplus ：在没有发生变化的情况下，如果某人被限制以旧的价格来购买如果没有补偿金他可能购买的物品的量，为使他能够达到变化发生后他可能达到的福祉水平而应该给予他的补偿金数额。

Although not cresting all shores at the same steady clip, there's a sea change these days in the way the world is training aviation maintenance technicians, a change--proponents argue--that renders them capable of handling the complexities of 21st century flying machines far better than their forebearers.

在如今快速变革的时代，虽然我们身边的事物都在发生着变化，但航空业对维护人员的培训方法却发生了翻天覆地的变化。对于这种变化的赞成者认为，培训方式的改变可以使维护人员比前人更好地维护21世纪的复杂的航空器。

The structures and orientation texture evolution of UFG-Copper during AARB were studied and the results were as follows:(1)Whenεis lower or equal to 1.6,the slips happen on grain boundaries and crystal planes owing to the shearing force.There occur many sub-grains possessing small angle boundaries and 5μm grains sizes within the big grains.

研究了大变形异步叠轧制备超细晶铜材过程的组织和取向织构变化情况，结果表明：(1)变形等效应变ε≤1.6时，剪切应力的作用使晶粒与晶粒之间发生滑动，部分晶粒内部晶面发生滑移，大晶粒内部转变为许多具有小角度晶界、大小为5个微米的亚晶。

These changes are characterized by the decadence of natural economy, the debasement of traditional political structure and the refreshment of peoples ideas.

工矿业的开发使西北社会发生了深刻的变化，主要体现在自给自足的自然经济开始瓦解，传统的政治结构开始动摇，人们的思想观念开始发生变化。

The presence of high temperature, middle oxidizer and dissolved oxygen oxidized alcohol into aldehyde and acetic acid; decompound of ester was concomitant with esterification.

此外，蒸馏过程中还发生物质的分解，由于高温、中间氧化剂和溶解氧的存在，使酒精氧化成乙醛和乙酸，酯化作用的同时发生酯的分解。

The result shows that the transgenic chrysanthemum can grow normally in the greenhouse and is not resisted on introduced the foreign gene,and can keep intrinsic excellent characters.When blossoming,different lines exist definite difference.Flower doubleness of one or two plants of line 05 changed,but most characters including lower color were not changed.

结果表明，转基因菊花在温室中能够正常生长，不因外源基因的转入而使其生长受到阻碍，能够保持原有的优良性状，开花时不同的株系间存在一定的差异，05株系的个别单株重瓣性发生了变异，但包括花色在内的其他大部分性状没有发生变异。

Owing to the image of China from the late Qing dynasty which was passively transformed from "Empery" to "Nation-state", and the consequence of which gave birth to the consciousness of "Enlightenment" and "saving the nation from extinction", we abandoned the traditional circulative theory of history, but accepted the western linear time theory, so the occurrence of the concept of Modern Literature is based on the traditional-modern time imagination and China-western spatial imagination.

中国现代文学观念的发生并不是一个单纯的文学事件，由于晚清以来"中国"形象发生了从"帝国"向"民族国家"的被动转化，这种"空间"认识的变化以及由此产生的启蒙和救亡意识，最终使我们抛弃了传统的循环论而接受了西方的线性时间观。

Choose the one that is the most equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expression.

然而现代的人却使尼罗河发生了变化，不过就连他们自己也不完全了解尼罗河究竟发生了什么变化。

Both cases are acompanied by the light-emission from the transition from higher excited-state to lower excited-state, and the total superfluous band energy of nuclear system is released by means of excited element, and an energy level appears in the ground-state band, which signifies a quantum phase transition.

基于微观IBM理论，提出转动诱导出玻色子量子相变的一种可能途径：一旦原子核在受到高能激发或作快速旋转时，假如外界提供的能量足以使玻色子完成拆对顺排，则核处于集体相与单粒子态的共存相，其特征是出现较密集的能谱；假如能量不足以完成拆对或顺排，可能发生两种情况之一，当核旋转达到某个临界转动频率ω c时，或者一个高角动量的玻色子脱离"集体"而"游离"出来，或者发生一个高角动量的玻色子转变为一个低角动量的玻色子，核仍旧处于集体相；均会伴随出现光辐射，产生基态带的一条能级——相变信号。

Hepatic sinusoid capillarization plays an important role in occurrence of portal hypertension. The fenestra of endothelial cells in hepatic sinusoid reduces and the diameter of fenestra decreases. The formation of basement membrane impaires the substance exchange between blood and hepatic cells,which results in oxygen deficiency, metabolic product accumulation and cell necrosis.

肝窦毛细血管化在硫代乙酰胺诱导的肝硬化门脉高压发生中起重要作用，肝窦内皮细胞窗孔减少并减小，内皮细胞下基底膜形成使肝细胞与外界物质交换减少，导致细胞缺氧、代谢产物聚集，肝细胞坏死，最终导致门脉高压的发生。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。