使加入

Analysis f K and Na in nepheline were curried out with higher precision and repeatability by means of adding fluohydric acid during sample melting to remove SiO2, adjusting the ratio of K and Na in the solution to reduce the mutual interference of the two elements, and adding cesium chloride to eliminate ionization interference.

摘要本方法用于测定霞石中的钾、钠，主要通过在溶样时加入氢氟酸除去二氧化矽，调整溶液中钾、钠的含量，消除互相之间的干扰，加入氯化铯消除电离因素的干扰，提高了分析结果的准确性和重现性，使测定结果更接近化学分析值。

Surface of plate face was very smooth, unlike rough, pebbly surface of cemented plates, such as U.S.

碳含量被增加到了VC钢的水平以使其容易淬火；加入适量的铜以减少镍的使用量；又加入少量的钼以加强淬火的硬化能力；在无须牺牲VC级别防护性能的情况下，没有采用对浅层装甲使用渗碳（大多数情况下外国的表面硬化处理方式）的工艺。

According to disadvantage of AS that the speed low of convergentiss and easily entering the stagnation,improving the AS in some aspect by the way that importing pheromone windows that the value of pheromone cannot exceed the window,only deposit the pheromone on the edge that belongs to the iteration shortest solution path,releasing additional pheromone to the edge belongs to the so-far shortest solution path,judging the situation of convergent and to reinitialize pheromone,optimizing the solutions by local search procedure at the end of every iteration,modifying the transition probability by add some problem specific parameters and so on.

本文主要运用蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization，ACO)来求解VRP。针对蚁群算法收敛性比较差，易于停滞的缺陷，通过使用信息素窗口限制、信息素的最大最小值，只更新信息素迭代中最好解，增加了精英的蚂蚁，信息素重新初始化之前先判断出汇聚情况，在每次迭代过程中加入局部的搜索进行优化，在对蚁群算法进行了优化时考虑选择概率当中加入与问题的相关参数等措施，从而使蚁群算法的收敛性得到大大提高，避免了算法的停滞现象。

Our results include:(1) It's robust method of measuring efficiency and slack variable of hospitals to introduce quality index.

本研究结果发现：(1)品质变的加入，会明显影响医院之效变化，因此，在评估医院之效时，应加入品质变，以使效评估加完整。

The anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell is Pt-W-Sn/C, and it is prepared through dispersing carbon black in distilled water, adding H2PtCl6, tungstate and stannate, stirring to make the metal salt and H2PtCl6 adsorbed fully; dropping reductant to reduce and deposite until complete reaction; washing with distilled water, filtering and drying to obtain black C carried sanitary Pt-W-Sn catalyst. The catalyst has excellent methanol catalyzing activity and low cost, and its use can lower the cost of direct methanol fuel cell greatly and raise the performance/cost ratio of the cell.

一种直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂是Pt-W-Sn/C；其制备方法是将碳黑分散在蒸馏水中，然后加入H2PtCl6、钨酸盐和锡盐，搅拌使得金属盐与H2PtCl6被充分吸附；逐滴加入还原剂使之还原沉积，待反应完全后，用蒸馏水洗涤，过滤，然后于干燥箱中干燥，便得到黑色的C负载Pt-W-Sn三元催化剂；该催化剂具有很好的甲醇催化活性，价格低廉，可以大大降低直接甲醇燃料电池的成本，提高电池的性能价格比和市场竞争能力。

The invention discloses a dielectric hole-microhole composite material and synthesizing method in the inorganic porous material, adsorbing material and catalytic material technical domain, which comprises the following steps: adopting zeolite molecular sieve as raw material; reacting with sodium bisilicate solution under 30-60 deg.c for 10-300 min; disintegrating particle part of zeolite molecular sieve into piece with microhole structure; adding cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as molder; adjusting pH value of mother liquid to 10-12; aging 1-8h; adding in the high-pressure autoclave to do water heat synthesizing reaction at 80-130 deg.c for 24-72h; separating solid; washing; drying; sintering under 500-600 deg.c for 5-10h; obtaining the Si-Al porous material with dielectric hole and microhole composite structure.

本发明属于无机多孔材料、吸附材料和催化材料技术领域，涉及具有介孔-微孔复合材料及其合成方法。其特征是以沸石分子筛为原料，用偏硅酸钠的水溶液在30～60℃反应10～300分钟，使沸石分子筛的颗粒部分解离形成具有微孔结构的碎片，加入模板剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，然后调节母液pH值为10～12，老化1～8小时，然后加入高压釜于80～130℃进行水热合成反应。反应24～72小时后，分离出固体，水洗、干燥，然后于500～600℃焙烧5～10小时，得到具有介孔和微孔复合结构的硅铝多孔材料。本发明的效果和益处是所发明的合成方法可用于合成多种沸石结构和介孔结构的复合材料，所合成的材料经过质子交换可以具有较强的酸性，在吸附和催化领域具有广泛应用前景。

Dealcoholization temperature markedly influences the surface area and porosity of the resultant MAO-supports. When the support was pretreated at lower or higher temperature, the corresponding MAO-support shows very low surface area;2.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO has reacted with the residual ethanol in the supports, which is an important manner to get MAO fixed on the carrier. Morever, XPS analyse indicates that MAO can also be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is another way to get MAO fixed on the support;3.ICP and EDX analyses indicate that dealcoholization temperature not only determined the element content on the solid catalyst, but also influences the element distribution on the carrier;4.The activities of the supported phenoxy-imine catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature. The support (MSP-5) obtained by treating MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH at 160℃for 4 h, then modified by MAO is very effective for immobilizing complex 3, the resultant solid catalyst (MSPC-5) shows very high activity in ethylene polymerization, and its kinetics of polymerization is stable during the reaction process. Finally, PEs with spherical morphology and high bulk density (over 0.35g/ml) were obtained, without reactor fouling;5.In this work, polymerization conditions such as alkylaluminums, Al/Zr ratio, temperature and H_2 had a pronounced effect on the activity of MSPC-5 and properties of PE;(3). New MgCl_2-Supported Single-Site Catalysts for Ethylene PolymerizationIn this work, a kind of new MgCl_2 support was obtained by anhydrous MgCl_2 co-milled with solid MAO, and it is a creative contribution. Then some single-site catalysts were supported on the new MgCl_2 support, and the resulted solid catalysts were tested in ethylene polymerization, the results indicated that:1.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO does be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by XPS;2.co-mlling time had no obvious effect on the texture of support after 12 hours;3.In this work, MgCl_2 was co-milled with solid MAO for different hours, and then complex 3 was supported on these co-milled supports. It was found that co-milling time markedly influences the activity of solid catalysts, but it had negligible effect on the kinetic profile and the properties of resultant PE.

XPS研究结果表明，MAO不仅仅只和乙醇作用，MAO还与MgCl_2本身有一定的作用，这是一个极为重要的发现；3、通过ICP和EDX表征，发现载体的脱醇温度直接影响着元素在固体催化剂中的含量及分布；4、脱醇温度极大地影响着负载苯氧基亚胺类催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能，特别是原始载体经160℃活化4小时制备得到的固体催化剂MSPC-5的活性明显高于其他脱醇温度条件下制得的固体催化，并且催化剂寿命长，表现出稳定的动力学行为，最终获得了高堆密度(大于0.35g／ml)的球形聚乙烯颗粒；5、本文选择MSPC-5为研究对象，考察了聚合反应参数对催化剂的活性及其聚合物的影响，研究发现：不同的烷基铝对催化剂具有非常重要的影响，特别足TIBA对MSPC-5的助催化活性最高，烷基铝的加入量有一个较佳值，聚合温度为80度时活性最高，H_2的加入使催化剂的活性明显降低且聚合物的分子量也减小；、新型氯化镁载体负载单活性中心催化剂催化乙烯聚合本文创造性采用固体MAO与无水氯化镁直接进行共研磨，制备出了一种的新型的氯化镁载体，并将该载体用于多种单活性中心催化剂的负载化研究，研究表明：1、通过BET、XRD的表征，再次证实了MAO与MgCl_2之间具有直接作用，与XPS的研究结果相一致；2、当研磨时间高于12小时时，延长研磨时间对载体的结构没有显著的影响；3、将配合物3负载于共研磨时间不同的一系列载体上，乙烯聚合结果表明，尽管共研磨时间对负载催化剂的活性具有明显的影响，但是它对聚合物的性能以及催化剂的影响不明显。

Dealcoholization temperature markedly influences the surface area and porosity of the resultant MAO-supports. When the support was pretreated at lower or higher temperature, the corresponding MAO-support shows very low surface area; 2.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO has reacted with the residual ethanol in the supports, which is an important manner to get MAO fixed on the carrier. Morever, XPS analyse indicates that MAO can also be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is another way to get MAO fixed on the support; 3.ICP and EDX analyses indicate that dealcoholization temperature not only determined the element content on the solid catalyst, but also influences the element distribution on the carrier; 4.The activities of the supported phenoxy-imine catalysts and the properties of resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature. The support (MSP-5) obtained by treating MgCl_2·2.56C_2H_5OH at 160℃for 4 h, then modified by MAO is very effective for immobilizing complex 3, the resultant solid catalyst (MSPC-5) shows very high activity in ethylene polymerization, and its kinetics of polymerization is stable during the reaction process. Finally, PEs with spherical morphology and high bulk density (over 0.35g/ml) were obtained, without reactor fouling; 5.In this work, polymerization conditions such as alkylaluminums, Al/Zr ratio, temperature and H_2 had a pronounced effect on the activity of MSPC-5 and properties of PE;(3). New MgCl_2-Supported Single-Site Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization In this work, a kind of new MgCl_2 support was obtained by anhydrous MgCl_2 co-milled with solid MAO, and it is a creative contribution. Then some single-site catalysts were supported on the new MgCl_2 support, and the resulted solid catalysts were tested in ethylene polymerization, the results indicated that: 1.XRD and IR analyses indicate that MAO does be coordinated with MgCl_2, which is in good agreement with the results obtained by XPS; 2.co-mlling time had no obvious effect on the texture of support after 12 hours; 3.In this work, MgCl_2 was co-milled with solid MAO for different hours, and then complex 3 was supported on these co-milled supports. It was found that co-milling time markedly influences the activity of solid catalysts, but it had negligible effect on the kinetic profile and the properties of resultant PE.

XPS研究结果表明，MAO不仅仅只和乙醇作用，MAO还与MgCl_2本身有一定的作用，这是一个极为重要的发现； 3、通过ICP和EDX表征，发现载体的脱醇温度直接影响着元素在固体催化剂中的含量及分布； 4、脱醇温度极大地影响着负载苯氧基亚胺类催化剂的活性和聚合物的性能，特别是原始载体经160℃活化4小时制备得到的固体催化剂MSPC-5的活性明显高于其他脱醇温度条件下制得的固体催化，并且催化剂寿命长，表现出稳定的动力学行为，最终获得了高堆密度(大于0.35g／ml)的球形聚乙烯颗粒； 5、本文选择MSPC-5为研究对象，考察了聚合反应参数对催化剂的活性及其聚合物的影响，研究发现：不同的烷基铝对催化剂具有非常重要的影响，特别足TIBA对MSPC-5的助催化活性最高，烷基铝的加入量有一个较佳值，聚合温度为80度时活性最高，H_2的加入使催化剂的活性明显降低且聚合物的分子量也减小；、新型氯化镁载体负载单活性中心催化剂催化乙烯聚合本文创造性采用固体MAO与无水氯化镁直接进行共研磨，制备出了一种的新型的氯化镁载体，并将该载体用于多种单活性中心催化剂的负载化研究，研究表明： 1、通过BET、XRD的表征，再次证实了MAO与MgCl_2之间具有直接作用，与XPS的研究结果相一致； 2、当研磨时间高于12小时时，延长研磨时间对载体的结构没有显著的影响； 3、将配合物3负载于共研磨时间不同的一系列载体上，乙烯聚合结果表明，尽管共研磨时间对负载催化剂的活性具有明显的影响，但是它对聚合物的性能以及催化剂的影响不明显。

From the results, it was observed that the transfer migrate coefficient for hendecane was larger than that for kerosene; the transfer mass resistance increased and decreased with adding Span 80 and TBP respectively; there was little effect by adding liquid paraffin.

发现苯胺在十一烷／水界面的传质系数比在煤油／水界面上的大；在油相中加入span80和磷酸三丁酯会使传质阻力分别增加和减少，而液体石蜡的加入几乎不影响传质速度。

The strategy involves a staged combustion, where a hydrocarbon fuel added in the second, fuel-rich stage provides hydrocarbon radicals which can react with and finally reduce the NOx formed in the first, fuel-lean stage, such that NOx formed in the first stage reacts with small hydrocarbon radicals present in the second stage combustion, finally leading to N〓, and to HCN which in turn is converted to NO or N〓. Understanding of the chemistry in this second reburning stage is clearly a key to understanding and optimizing reburn technology.

目前消除NOx的主要方法是向燃烧的废气中加入某些化学物质使其重新燃烧(Selective Noncatalytic Reduction of NO processes，SNCR)，RAPRENOx过程是SNCR的主要方式之一，其实施是向燃烧产生的废气中加入异氰酸，异氰酸在高温下经一系列包括NCO的自由基反应，可以从燃烧的废气中迅速除去NOx化合物。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。