使出血

The faciform ligament is an important sign of laparoscopic liver surgery and a way of collateral circulation of liver. The superior liver artery found and named in this research can be an important sign to judge the position of hepatic vein. The operation pathway by cutting down the perihepatic ligament next to the superior border of liver is a quick way with little blood. It is difficult to hurt diaphragm and hepatic vein, and the secundum porta hepatic can be showed clearly. As a rule, we break the hepatic vein in the hepatic parenchyma on laparoscopic hepatectomy. But in some situation, extrahepatic treatment was used.

镰状韧带是腹腔镜肝脏外科入路的重要标志，是肝脏侧枝循环的重要途径；本文所发现并命名的肝上动脉可以作为判定肝静脉位置的重要标志；紧贴肝上缘打开肝周韧带，不易损伤膈肌和肝静脉，出血少、速度快，可以使第二肝门获得良好的手术显露；腹腔镜肝切除时一般在肝实质内切断肝静脉，在个别情况也可以预先在第二肝门结扎切断肝静脉。

There is controversy as to whether prophylactic platelet transfusions are necessary or beneficial, although it seems that maintaining a platelet count of greater than 5,000, and sometimes higher, reduces the risk of minor bleeding (e.g., nose bleeds, bruises in the skin called ecchymoses, pinpoint bleeding in the skin called petechiae).

虽然使血小板计数维持在5000或以上似乎能够降低轻微出血的风险（比如流鼻血、皮肤的瘀斑、瘀点），但是对于预防性血小板输注的必要性及益处仍存有分歧。

There is controversy as to whether prophylactic platelet transfusions are necessary or beneficial, although it seems that maintaining a platelet count of greater than 5,000, and sometimes higher, reduces the risk of minor bleeding (e.g., nose bleeds, bruises in the skin called ecchymoses, pinpoint bleeding in the skin called petechiae).

虽然使血小板计数维持在5000以上似乎能够减少轻微出血的风险（比如，流鼻血、皮肤的瘀斑及小瘀点），但是人们对于预防性输注血小板的必要性及好处仍存有分歧。

Results and Conclusions The main factors influencing the treatment effect of PHC in China are the followings:(1) Most patients with PHC of subclinical type failed to be diagnosed and treatment in time.(2) As a wrong idea PHC has been considered an "uncurable disease", so the treatment strategy is nagative.(3) Unsuitable choice of treatment resulted in some PHC unable to be resected.(4) Intraoperative massive bleeding due to unskill-operative techniques, increase the postoperative morbidity and mortality.(5) The manner of treatment is not positive for PHC patients with portal cancer thrombosis, bile duct cancer hteombosis and portal hyperlension.(6) Combined therapy can not be used or unsuitably used.

结果与结论影响我国PHC治疗效果的主要因素有：(1)诊断不及时，致使大多数亚临床期病人未及时确诊，丧失了手术良机；(2)观念陈旧，认为肝癌是&不治之症&，治疗态度消极；(3)治疗方法选择不当，使一些本来可以切除的PHC病人错过了手术时机；(4)手术医生技术不熟练，术中出血多，增加了手术后并发症和死亡率；(5)对PHC合并门静脉癌栓，胆管癌栓，门静脉高压症等合并症缺乏积极治疗态度；(6)不重视或不合理应用综合治疗措施等。

" "I removed the barbs that had been imbedded in the leg and stopped the bleeding.

& & 我移走了已经在腿中被使插入而且停止了出血的倒钩。

In the narrative that makes up our nine-month journey, we encounter the broken and bleeding body of the American black dozens of times: crossing the Atlantic, sweating in the southern fields, hanging from the lynching tree, hiding from Jim Crow, dodging night-riders and sheriffs, urban sharecropping in ghettos, rioting after their leaders are shot dead, existing within a system of structural violence, paying never-ending rent to a landlord who keeps jacking up the price and never fixing the leaks in the ceiling.

在叙述，使我们的9个月的旅程，我们遇到的破碎和出血机构的美国黑人数十倍：跨越大西洋，出汗的南部油田，挂私刑树，躲避吉姆克劳，逃避夜晚搭车和县行政司法长官，城市佃农在贫民区，骚乱后，其领导人是枪杀，现有的系统结构暴力，支付永无止境的租金的房东让谁顶的价格，决不泄漏固定在天花板上。

It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding.

它在伤口周围使血液变浓来终止出血。

The death rate has been halved.We succeed in avoiding patients'bleeding again and complicating disease. Conclusion: With the good work of obse

通过加强对上消化道出血的抢救、观察和护理，可以及时发现病情变化作出相应的处理措施，使患者的住院时间缩短，康复快，治疗效果好，减轻了患者的经济负担。

We succeed in avoiding patients'bleeding again and complicating disease. Conclusion: With the good work of observation and nursing on the cases,we can find out immediately any changes in the patients'condition so we can offer them prompt treatment.As aresult,time of hospitalization can be shorted.

通过加强对上消化道出血的抢救、观察和护理，可以及时发现病情变化作出相应的处理措施，使患者的住院时间缩短，康复快，治疗效果好，减轻了患者的经济负担。

Though scu--PA has some selectivtiy for fibrin and better specificity for throm- bosis in experimental animals, its selectivity for fibrin in human bodies was not as good as has been expected. Bleedings still remained when it is used in large doses.

虽然尿激酶原具有一定的纤维蛋白选择性，在实验动物体内具有较高的血栓特异性，但在人体内的纤维蛋白选择性却不如预期的那样好，大剂量使用时仍有出血的危险。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。